मुख्य न्यायाधीश: उच्च न्यायालयों को सक्रिय प्रहरी बनने का आग्रह

The CJI emphasized that High Courts should act proactively as 'primary sentinels' to uphold the rule of law and remain alert to systemic failures.

Being 'proactive sentinels' means that High Courts should not only react to cases brought before them, but also actively identify and address systemic issues that undermine the rule of law. This includes being alert to failures in governance and ensuring timely interim relief.

The High Courts' role as sentinels of justice has roots in the common law tradition inherited from British rule. The Government of India Act, 1935, laid the foundation for the current High Court structure, with the first High Courts established in 1862 in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras.

The CJI's statement highlights the crucial role of High Courts in upholding the rule of law, a key aspect of Polity & Governance in the UPSC syllabus. Understanding this role is important for both Prelims and Mains, especially in questions related to judicial review and constitutionalism.

When writing about judicial activism, judicial overreach, or the role of the judiciary in protecting fundamental rights, you can cite the concept of High Courts as proactive sentinels. This demonstrates an understanding of the judiciary's responsibility to safeguard the rule of law and address systemic failures.

Recent developments include increasing challenges such as a growing backlog of cases and ongoing debates about judicial appointments. The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC), though struck down, reflects the continuous discussion on judicial independence and appointment transparency. Also, the adoption of e-filing and virtual courts.

Focus on the constitutional position of High Courts, their powers, and their relationship with the Supreme Court. Also, understand the concept of 'rule of law' and its importance in the Indian context. Be aware of landmark judgments related to judicial independence.

The emphasis on interim relief means that High Courts should be more proactive in providing immediate relief to citizens when their rights are violated or when they face injustice. This can have a significant impact on their lives by preventing further harm or hardship.

Reforms could include increasing the number of judges, streamlining case management processes, and leveraging technology to reduce the backlog of cases. Ensuring transparency and accountability in judicial appointments is also crucial.

The lecture being in memory of Fali Nariman suggests that his work and values align with the CJI's message. Nariman was a respected jurist known for his commitment to the rule of law and judicial independence, making the lecture a fitting platform to emphasize the High Courts' role as sentinels.