उच्च शिक्षा संस्थानों में सुधार के लिए सुप्रीम कोर्ट का निर्देश
एससी ने एचईआई में छात्र आत्महत्याओं और संकाय रिक्तियों को संबोधित करते हुए सुधारों का निर्देश दिया।
Photo by Susan Q Yin
मुख्य तथ्य
9 Directions: SC on student suicides
Article 142: Invoked by Supreme Court
50% Vacancies: Reported in public HEIs
UPSC परीक्षा के दृष्टिकोण
GS Paper II: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Education.
Connects to fundamental rights, directive principles, and constitutional provisions related to education.
Potential question types: Statement-based, analytical questions on the challenges and reforms in higher education.
दृश्य सामग्री
और जानकारी
पृष्ठभूमि
नवीनतम घटनाक्रम
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
1. What are the key facts from the Supreme Court's directive on higher education institutions (HEIs) relevant for UPSC Prelims?
The Supreme Court issued nine directions to Central and State governments regarding student suicides in HEIs. The Court invoked Article 142 of the Constitution. Ground reports indicate that many public HEIs report 50% faculty vacancies. These are crucial facts for Prelims.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on the number of directions (9) and the constitutional article invoked (142). Also, remember the issue of faculty vacancies in public HEIs.
2. What is the constitutional basis for the Supreme Court's intervention in the matter of higher education institutions?
The Supreme Court invoked Article 142 of the Constitution to issue directions to Central and State governments regarding student suicides in higher education institutions.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember that Article 142 is often used by the Supreme Court to ensure complete justice.
3. What is the significance of Article 142 in the context of the Supreme Court's directives on higher education?
Article 142 empowers the Supreme Court to issue orders necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it. In this case, it was invoked to address the issue of student suicides and faculty vacancies in HEIs.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Understand the broad scope of Article 142 and its application in various contexts.
4. What is the historical background of the massification and privatization of higher education in India, and how does it relate to the current issues?
The massification of higher education can be traced back to the post-independence era, particularly after the Education Commission (1964-66). Privatization gained momentum in the 1990s with liberalization policies. These trends have contributed to issues like inadequate funding and infrastructure, as highlighted in the current scenario.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Connect the historical context of education policies with the present-day challenges in HEIs.
5. Why has the Supreme Court recently directed reforms in higher education institutions?
The Supreme Court's directive is in response to the increasing issues stemming from the massification and privatization of higher education, particularly concerning student suicides and faculty vacancies in HEIs. The Court aims to ensure a robust public higher education system.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on the immediate trigger (student suicides) and the underlying systemic issues.
6. What are the recent developments regarding the quality of higher education in India?
Recent developments include increasing scrutiny of the quality of higher education, with reports highlighting issues such as inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, and lack of research opportunities. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to address some of these challenges.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Be aware of the challenges and the government's initiatives like NEP 2020 to improve higher education.
7. What are the potential pros and cons of the Supreme Court's intervention in higher education through these directives?
Pros include addressing critical issues like student suicides and faculty shortages, potentially improving the quality of education. Cons might involve concerns about judicial overreach or practical challenges in implementing the directives effectively.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Consider both the positive and negative aspects of judicial intervention in policy matters.
8. What reforms are needed in higher education institutions to prevent student suicides and address faculty vacancies, according to the Supreme Court's directives?
As per the topic, the reforms include tracking suicides separately, filling Registrar and Vice-Chancellor posts, and addressing faculty vacancies. These are the basic requirements of a robust public higher education system.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on the specific directives issued by the Supreme Court as mentioned in the article.
9. How does the Supreme Court's directive on higher education impact common citizens?
The directive aims to improve the quality of higher education, which can lead to better opportunities for students and a more skilled workforce. This can positively impact the overall socio-economic development of the country.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Think about the broader implications of improved higher education on society.
10. What is the significance of the reported 50% faculty vacancies in public HEIs, as highlighted in the Supreme Court's directive?
The high percentage of faculty vacancies indicates a significant deficiency in the higher education system. This can lead to overburdened faculty, reduced quality of teaching, and limited research output, ultimately affecting the students and the institution's overall performance.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Relate faculty vacancies to the overall quality and accessibility of higher education.
बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न (MCQ)
1. कोठारी आयोग (1964-66) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: 1. इसने सामाजिक-आर्थिक पृष्ठभूमि की परवाह किए बिना, सभी के लिए शिक्षा तक पहुंच बढ़ाने की वकालत की। 2. इसने देश भर में 10+2+3 की एक समान शिक्षा संरचना की सिफारिश की। 3. इसने शिक्षा को रोजगार के अवसरों के साथ संरेखित करने के लिए व्यावसायिक शिक्षा पर जोर दिया। उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन सा/से सही है/हैं?
- A.केवल 1 और 2
- B.केवल 2 और 3
- C.केवल 1 और 3
- D.1, 2 और 3
उत्तर देखें
सही उत्तर: D
तीनों कथन कोठारी आयोग की सिफारिशों को सटीक रूप से दर्शाते हैं। इसका उद्देश्य सार्वभौमिक पहुंच, एक समान संरचना और व्यावसायिक प्रशिक्षण था।
2. उच्च शिक्षा संस्थानों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के निर्देशों के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग (यूजीसी) की भूमिका के बारे में सही नहीं है?
- A.यूजीसी उच्च शिक्षा के मानकों के समन्वय, निर्धारण और रखरखाव के लिए जिम्मेदार है।
- B.यूजीसी भारत में विश्वविद्यालयों को मान्यता प्रदान करता है और ऐसे मान्यता प्राप्त विश्वविद्यालयों और कॉलेजों को धन वितरित करता है।
- C.यूजीसी के पास सभी केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालयों में सीधे कुलपति नियुक्त करने की शक्ति है।
- D.यूजीसी उच्च शिक्षा संस्थानों के लिए पाठ्यक्रम ढांचा स्थापित करने में भूमिका निभाता है।
उत्तर देखें
सही उत्तर: C
जबकि यूजीसी उच्च शिक्षा में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है, यह सभी केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालयों में सीधे कुलपति नियुक्त नहीं करता है। नियुक्ति प्रक्रिया में आमतौर पर एक खोज समिति शामिल होती है और इसे भारत के राष्ट्रपति द्वारा अनुमोदित किया जाता है (केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालयों के लिए)।