Labour Ministry Releases Draft Rules for Four Major Labour Codes

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is correct as per the news summary, stating the codes consolidate 44 existing statutes. Statement 2 is correct, as a primary objective of the Code on Wages is to universalize minimum wages and ensure timely payment. Statement 3 is incorrect. Labour is a subject on the Concurrent List of the Seventh Schedule, meaning both the Union and State governments can legislate on it.

सही उत्तर: B

While other options might be related to labour policy, the most significant economic objective often cited by the government for these reforms is to simplify the complex labour regime, reduce compliance burdens, and thereby improve India's 'Ease of Doing Business' ranking, which in turn is expected to attract more investment and create employment. Option A is generally seen as a potential outcome or criticism, not a primary government objective. Option C is an objective of the Code on Wages but 'uniform national minimum wage' is complex and often involves regional variations. Option D is incorrect; the codes actually facilitate fixed-term employment.

सही उत्तर: A

The correct matches are: 1. Code on Wages (S: Rationalization of minimum wages, timely payment, and bonus) 2. Industrial Relations Code (P: Regulation of trade unions, industrial disputes, and conditions of employment) 3. Code on Social Security (Q: Universalization of social security benefits, including for gig and platform workers) 4. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code (R: Consolidation of laws related to safety, health, and welfare of workers).

सही उत्तर: C

Statement C is NOT a commonly discussed feature or objective. While the codes aim to modernize industrial relations, critics often argue that some provisions might make it harder, not easier, for workers to form and register trade unions due to increased thresholds and procedural requirements. Options A, B, and D are indeed discussed features/objectives: A) The codes facilitate fixed-term employment. B) The Code on Social Security aims to expand coverage. D) The Industrial Relations Code simplifies retrenchment and closure norms for establishments below a certain threshold, a point of contention for trade unions.

सही उत्तर: C

Statement 1 is correct. Article 43A is a Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) that directs the State to take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments, or other organizations engaged in any industry. Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Supreme Court has interpreted the 'right to life' under Article 21 to include the right to a dignified life, which implicitly includes a living wage, the concept of 'living wage' itself is not explicitly defined and guaranteed as a Fundamental Right under Article 21. It is primarily a DPSP (Article 43). Statement 3 is correct. India is a founding member of the ILO, and its conventions and recommendations have historically played a significant role in shaping India's labour legislation and policy.