Government to Launch Online Portal for Comprehensive Forest Rights Services

सही उत्तर: D

Statement 1 is correct: The FRA, 2006, explicitly recognizes both Individual Forest Rights (IFR) for self-cultivation and habitation, and Community Forest Rights (CFR) over common forest lands, including Nistar (usufructs) and traditional customary rights. Statement 2 is correct: The Act defines 'forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes' as members of Scheduled Tribes who primarily reside in and depend on forests or forest lands for bona fide livelihood needs. It also covers 'Other Traditional Forest Dwellers' who have resided for three generations (75 years) prior to December 13, 2005. Statement 3 is correct: The Gram Sabha plays a pivotal role in the FRA, being the primary authority to initiate the process of determining the nature and extent of forest rights, receiving claims, and passing resolutions. Therefore, all statements are correct.

सही उत्तर: C

Statement A is correct: The preamble of the FRA explicitly states its objective to 'undo the historical injustice' to forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers. Statement B is correct: The Act grants ownership rights over minor forest produce (MFP) collected by forest dwellers, which is crucial for their livelihood. Statement D is correct: The Act recognizes Community Forest Rights (CFRs) which include the right to protect, regenerate, conserve, or manage any community forest resource. Statement C is NOT correct: The FRA, 2006, does not mandate the establishment of a 'National Forest Rights Authority'. Its implementation is primarily overseen by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs at the central level, with state-level committees (State Level Monitoring Committee, District Level Committee, Sub-Divisional Level Committee) and Gram Sabhas playing key roles.

सही उत्तर: C

Pair 1 is correctly matched: The Forest Conservation Act, 1980, is indeed designed to check the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes and requires central government approval for such diversions. Pair 2 is correctly matched: The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, provides a legal framework for the protection of various species of wild animals, birds, and plants, and for the establishment of protected areas. Pair 3 is correctly matched: PESA, 1996, extends the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution relating to Panchayats to the Scheduled Areas, empowering Gram Sabhas with significant powers, including control over natural resources, minor forest produce, and local development plans. Pair 4 is NOT correctly matched: While the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is responsible for overall forest policy, the Forest Rights Act, 2006, is primarily implemented by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, as it deals with the rights of Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers. Therefore, only three pairs are correctly matched.