Timeline showing key events and amendments related to President's Rule in India.
Comparison of Article 355 (Duty of the Union to protect States) and Article 356 (President's Rule).
Timeline showing key events and amendments related to President's Rule in India.
Comparison of Article 355 (Duty of the Union to protect States) and Article 356 (President's Rule).
Constitution of India adopted, including Article 356.
First use of President's Rule in Punjab.
Janata Government attempts to dissolve state assemblies ruled by Congress, but this is challenged.
S.R. Bommai case: Supreme Court limits the scope of Article 356.
Punchhi Commission recommends safeguards against misuse of Article 356.
President's Rule imposed in Jammu and Kashmir.
President's Rule imposed in Maharashtra.
President's Rule imposed in Manipur.
Discussions ongoing for government formation in Manipur.
| Feature | Article 355 | Article 356 |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance. | Provision for President's Rule in case of failure of constitutional machinery in a State. |
| Trigger | External aggression or internal disturbance. | Report from Governor or President's own assessment of the failure of constitutional machinery. |
| Action | Union can take measures to protect the State. | President can impose President's Rule, suspending or dissolving the State legislature. |
| Scope | Proactive measure to maintain peace and security. | Reactive measure in response to a crisis. |
| Judicial Review | Limited scope for judicial review. | Subject to judicial review (S.R. Bommai case). |
💡 Highlighted: Row 0 is particularly important for exam preparation
Constitution of India adopted, including Article 356.
First use of President's Rule in Punjab.
Janata Government attempts to dissolve state assemblies ruled by Congress, but this is challenged.
S.R. Bommai case: Supreme Court limits the scope of Article 356.
Punchhi Commission recommends safeguards against misuse of Article 356.
President's Rule imposed in Jammu and Kashmir.
President's Rule imposed in Maharashtra.
President's Rule imposed in Manipur.
Discussions ongoing for government formation in Manipur.
| Feature | Article 355 | Article 356 |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance. | Provision for President's Rule in case of failure of constitutional machinery in a State. |
| Trigger | External aggression or internal disturbance. | Report from Governor or President's own assessment of the failure of constitutional machinery. |
| Action | Union can take measures to protect the State. | President can impose President's Rule, suspending or dissolving the State legislature. |
| Scope | Proactive measure to maintain peace and security. | Reactive measure in response to a crisis. |
| Judicial Review | Limited scope for judicial review. | Subject to judicial review (S.R. Bommai case). |
💡 Highlighted: Row 0 is particularly important for exam preparation
अनुच्छेद 356 के तहत लागू किया जाता है जब राष्ट्रपति संतुष्ट हो कि राज्य सरकार संविधान के अनुसार कार्य नहीं कर सकती है।
राज्यपाल की रिपोर्ट आमतौर पर अनुच्छेद 356 लागू करने का आधार होती है, लेकिन हमेशा नहीं।
घोषणा के दो महीने के भीतर संसदीय अनुमोदन आवश्यक है।
शुरुआत में छह महीने के लिए वैध, संसदीय अनुमोदन के साथ अधिकतम तीन साल तक बढ़ाया जा सकता है।
राज्य विधानमंडल या तो निलंबित या भंग कर दिया जाता है।
राज्यपाल राष्ट्रपति की ओर से राज्य का प्रशासन करता है।
न्यायिक समीक्षा उपलब्ध है; अदालतें घोषणा की वैधता की जांच कर सकती हैं।
राष्ट्रपति द्वारा किसी भी समय रद्द किया जा सकता है।
राष्ट्रपति शासन के दौरान, संसद राज्य के विषयों पर कानून बना सकती है।
Timeline showing key events and amendments related to President's Rule in India.
अनुच्छेद 356 अपने संभावित दुरुपयोग के कारण बहस का विषय रहा है। एस.आर. बोम्मई मामला एक ऐतिहासिक फैसला था जिसने इसके मनमाने उपयोग को रोकने की मांग की।
Comparison of Article 355 (Duty of the Union to protect States) and Article 356 (President's Rule).
| Feature | Article 355 | Article 356 |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance. | Provision for President's Rule in case of failure of constitutional machinery in a State. |
| Trigger | External aggression or internal disturbance. | Report from Governor or President's own assessment of the failure of constitutional machinery. |
| Action | Union can take measures to protect the State. | President can impose President's Rule, suspending or dissolving the State legislature. |
| Scope | Proactive measure to maintain peace and security. | Reactive measure in response to a crisis. |
| Judicial Review | Limited scope for judicial review. | Subject to judicial review (S.R. Bommai case). |
अनुच्छेद 356 के तहत लागू किया जाता है जब राष्ट्रपति संतुष्ट हो कि राज्य सरकार संविधान के अनुसार कार्य नहीं कर सकती है।
राज्यपाल की रिपोर्ट आमतौर पर अनुच्छेद 356 लागू करने का आधार होती है, लेकिन हमेशा नहीं।
घोषणा के दो महीने के भीतर संसदीय अनुमोदन आवश्यक है।
शुरुआत में छह महीने के लिए वैध, संसदीय अनुमोदन के साथ अधिकतम तीन साल तक बढ़ाया जा सकता है।
राज्य विधानमंडल या तो निलंबित या भंग कर दिया जाता है।
राज्यपाल राष्ट्रपति की ओर से राज्य का प्रशासन करता है।
न्यायिक समीक्षा उपलब्ध है; अदालतें घोषणा की वैधता की जांच कर सकती हैं।
राष्ट्रपति द्वारा किसी भी समय रद्द किया जा सकता है।
राष्ट्रपति शासन के दौरान, संसद राज्य के विषयों पर कानून बना सकती है।
Timeline showing key events and amendments related to President's Rule in India.
अनुच्छेद 356 अपने संभावित दुरुपयोग के कारण बहस का विषय रहा है। एस.आर. बोम्मई मामला एक ऐतिहासिक फैसला था जिसने इसके मनमाने उपयोग को रोकने की मांग की।
Comparison of Article 355 (Duty of the Union to protect States) and Article 356 (President's Rule).
| Feature | Article 355 | Article 356 |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance. | Provision for President's Rule in case of failure of constitutional machinery in a State. |
| Trigger | External aggression or internal disturbance. | Report from Governor or President's own assessment of the failure of constitutional machinery. |
| Action | Union can take measures to protect the State. | President can impose President's Rule, suspending or dissolving the State legislature. |
| Scope | Proactive measure to maintain peace and security. | Reactive measure in response to a crisis. |
| Judicial Review | Limited scope for judicial review. | Subject to judicial review (S.R. Bommai case). |
