What is Environmental Conservation?
Historical Background
Key Points
9 points- 1.
In-situ conservation: Protection of species in their natural habitats (e.g., National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Community Reserves, Conservation Reserves).
- 2.
Ex-situ conservation: Protection of species outside their natural habitats (e.g., zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, gene banks, aquaria).
- 3.
Sustainable use: Utilizing natural resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- 4.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): A process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts.
- 5.
Pollution control: Measures to reduce air, water, soil, and noise pollution through regulations, technologies, and public awareness.
- 6.
Waste management: Strategies for reducing, reusing, and recycling waste to minimize environmental harm.
- 7.
Public participation: Involvement of local communities, indigenous peoples, and stakeholders in conservation planning and implementation.
- 8.
Protected Area Network: A system of designated areas for conservation, managed under strict regulations to preserve biodiversity and ecosystems.
- 9.
Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting trees to create new forests or restore degraded ones, enhancing carbon sinks and biodiversity.
Visual Insights
Key Aspects of Environmental Conservation
Mind map illustrating the key components and strategies of environmental conservation.
Environmental Conservation
- ●Resource Management
- ●Pollution Control
- ●Biodiversity Protection
- ●Legal Framework
Evolution of Environmental Conservation in India
Timeline showing the key milestones in the evolution of environmental conservation in India.
India has a long history of environmental conservation efforts, evolving from specific resource protection to a more holistic approach.
- 1972Wildlife Protection Act
- 1973Project Tiger
- 1974Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
- 1980Forest Conservation Act
- 1986Environment (Protection) Act
- 2010National Green Tribunal (NGT) Act
- 2070India's Net-Zero Target
Recent Developments
5 developmentsEstablishment of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection.
Launch of missions like Green India Mission, National Mission for Clean Ganga, and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
Continued efforts under Project Tiger and Project Elephant, leading to population increases for these species.
Focus on ecosystem restoration as part of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030).
Increased emphasis on community-based conservation and the role of Forest Rights Act 2006 in involving local communities.