Mitigation Strategies: Reducing reliance on fossil fuels, promoting renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro), improving energy efficiency in all sectors, carbon sequestration through afforestation, reforestation, and sustainable land management (including healthy soils).

Adaptation Strategies: Developing climate-resilient infrastructure (e.g., flood barriers, drought-resistant crops), implementing early warning systems for extreme weather, water conservation and management, ecosystem-based adaptation (e.g., mangrove restoration), and developing climate-resilient agricultural practices.

Net-Zero Emissions: A key mitigation goal aiming to balance the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere with the amount removed, often targeted by mid-century (e.g., 2050 or 2070 for India).

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR): A principle under UNFCCC acknowledging that all countries have a shared responsibility to address climate change but with different capacities and historical contributions to emissions.

Climate Finance: Financial resources provided by developed countries to developing countries to support their mitigation and adaptation efforts.

Technology Transfer: Sharing of climate-friendly technologies and knowledge to facilitate global climate action.

Role of Soil: Healthy soil contributes significantly to mitigation by sequestering carbon and to adaptation by improving water retention and reducing erosion, making ecosystems more resilient.

Mitigation Strategies: Reducing reliance on fossil fuels, promoting renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro), improving energy efficiency in all sectors, carbon sequestration through afforestation, reforestation, and sustainable land management (including healthy soils).

Adaptation Strategies: Developing climate-resilient infrastructure (e.g., flood barriers, drought-resistant crops), implementing early warning systems for extreme weather, water conservation and management, ecosystem-based adaptation (e.g., mangrove restoration), and developing climate-resilient agricultural practices.

Net-Zero Emissions: A key mitigation goal aiming to balance the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere with the amount removed, often targeted by mid-century (e.g., 2050 or 2070 for India).

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR): A principle under UNFCCC acknowledging that all countries have a shared responsibility to address climate change but with different capacities and historical contributions to emissions.

Climate Finance: Financial resources provided by developed countries to developing countries to support their mitigation and adaptation efforts.

Technology Transfer: Sharing of climate-friendly technologies and knowledge to facilitate global climate action.

Role of Soil: Healthy soil contributes significantly to mitigation by sequestering carbon and to adaptation by improving water retention and reducing erosion, making ecosystems more resilient.