Manipur Violence Inquiry Commission Faces Leadership Change

The recent leadership change in the commission investigating the Manipur violence highlights the complexities and importance of such inquiries. To fully understand this news, several key concepts need to be considered, including the nature and purpose of commissions of inquiry, the legal framework governing them, and the socio-political context of ethnic violence.

The Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952 provides the legal framework for establishing commissions of inquiry by the central or state governments in India. These commissions are typically set up to investigate matters of public importance, such as the Manipur violence. The Act grants these commissions powers to summon witnesses, demand evidence, and conduct thorough investigations. The findings of a commission are advisory in nature, but they carry significant weight and can influence policy decisions and legal proceedings. In the context of the Manipur violence, the commission's role is to ascertain the facts, identify lapses, and recommend measures to prevent recurrence. The resignation of Justice Lamba and the appointment of Justice Chauhan do not alter the commission's mandate under this Act.

Another crucial concept is Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the right to life and personal liberty. In cases of widespread violence and displacement, the state's failure to protect its citizens' lives and livelihoods can be seen as a violation of this fundamental right. The Manipur violence, resulting in approximately 250 deaths and the displacement of over 60,000 people, raises serious questions about the state's ability to uphold Article 21. The commission's investigation will likely examine whether the state took adequate measures to prevent and control the violence, and whether any systemic failures contributed to the loss of life and displacement.

Finally, the concept of ethnic conflict itself is central to understanding the Manipur situation. Ethnic conflicts often arise from historical grievances, competition over resources, and political marginalization. In Manipur, the tensions between different ethnic communities have deep roots, and the recent violence is a manifestation of these underlying issues. The commission's investigation will need to delve into the historical and socio-economic factors that have fueled ethnic tensions in the state. Understanding the dynamics of ethnic conflict is essential for formulating effective strategies for peacebuilding and reconciliation. For UPSC aspirants, understanding these concepts is crucial for both prelims and mains, particularly in the context of polity, governance, and social issues.