Answer: B

Statement 1 is correct. The Bibek Debroy Committee (Committee for Mobilization of Resources for Major Railway Projects and Restructuring of Railways) recommended the merger of the Railway Budget with the General Budget, which was implemented from 2017-18. Statement 2 is incorrect. DFCs are primarily aimed at decongesting existing passenger lines by shifting freight traffic to dedicated corridors, thereby increasing the average speed and reliability of freight trains, and indirectly allowing for better management of passenger trains, not primarily increasing passenger train speeds across the network. Statement 3 is correct. The National Rail Plan 2030 aims to develop infrastructure to meet demand till 2050 and increase the modal share of railways in freight to 45%.

Answer: B

Statement 1 is correct. PM Gati Shakti is indeed a national master plan for multi-modal connectivity, integrating infrastructure projects across various ministries to reduce logistics costs and improve efficiency. Statement 2 is incorrect. While Ro-Ro services involve transporting vehicles, the primary application in Indian Railways is for transporting loaded trucks on flat wagons, facilitating faster movement of goods and decongesting roads, not primarily passengers and their personal vehicles. Statement 3 is correct. 'Operation Greens' aims to enhance value realization for farmers and reduce post-harvest losses by stabilizing the supply of TOP crops and later extended to 22 perishable commodities, through better logistics and processing facilities.

Answer: A

Assertion (A) is true, as stated in the news and is a common practice. Reason (R) is also true. Indian Railways, despite its commercial aspirations and need for financial viability, operates with a significant public service obligation. Providing connectivity, especially during peak demand periods like festivals, is a key aspect of its social mandate, even if some special services might not be optimally profitable. Therefore, R correctly explains why such special trains are operated.

Answer: B

Statement 1 is correct. The Bibek Debroy Committee (Committee for Mobilization of Resources for Major Railway Projects and Restructuring of Railways) recommended the merger of the Railway Budget with the General Budget, which was implemented from 2017-18. Statement 2 is incorrect. DFCs are primarily aimed at decongesting existing passenger lines by shifting freight traffic to dedicated corridors, thereby increasing the average speed and reliability of freight trains, and indirectly allowing for better management of passenger trains, not primarily increasing passenger train speeds across the network. Statement 3 is correct. The National Rail Plan 2030 aims to develop infrastructure to meet demand till 2050 and increase the modal share of railways in freight to 45%.

Answer: B

Statement 1 is correct. PM Gati Shakti is indeed a national master plan for multi-modal connectivity, integrating infrastructure projects across various ministries to reduce logistics costs and improve efficiency. Statement 2 is incorrect. While Ro-Ro services involve transporting vehicles, the primary application in Indian Railways is for transporting loaded trucks on flat wagons, facilitating faster movement of goods and decongesting roads, not primarily passengers and their personal vehicles. Statement 3 is correct. 'Operation Greens' aims to enhance value realization for farmers and reduce post-harvest losses by stabilizing the supply of TOP crops and later extended to 22 perishable commodities, through better logistics and processing facilities.

Answer: A

Assertion (A) is true, as stated in the news and is a common practice. Reason (R) is also true. Indian Railways, despite its commercial aspirations and need for financial viability, operates with a significant public service obligation. Providing connectivity, especially during peak demand periods like festivals, is a key aspect of its social mandate, even if some special services might not be optimally profitable. Therefore, R correctly explains why such special trains are operated.