NGT Slams Noida Authority for Persistent Pollution Violations, Demands Action Plan

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is incorrect. The NGT was established under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, as a statutory body, not directly under Article 21, though its work upholds the spirit of Article 21 (Right to Life, which includes the right to a healthy environment). Statement 2 is correct. The NGT Act, 2010, grants it jurisdiction over all civil cases involving substantial questions relating to the environment, including enforcement of legal rights relating to the environment. Statement 3 is correct. NGT's orders are binding, and any person aggrieved by an order or decision of the NGT may appeal to the Supreme Court of India within 90 days.

सही उत्तर: C

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, mandate segregation of waste at source into three streams: wet, dry, and domestic hazardous waste. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016, primarily apply to waste generators generating more than 20 tonnes or more per day or 300 tonnes per project in a month. Smaller generators are covered under the responsibilities of local bodies. Statement 3 is correct. The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, initially prohibited carry bags less than 50 microns in thickness. Subsequent amendments (2021 and 2022) increased this minimum thickness to 75 microns and then 120 microns, but the prohibition for less than 50 microns was established by the 2016 rules.

सही उत्तर: D

All four principles are well-established in Indian environmental jurisprudence and are frequently applied by the Supreme Court, High Courts, and the NGT in environmental cases. 1. Polluter Pays Principle: The polluter should bear the cost of pollution and remediation. 2. Precautionary Principle: Environmental measures should anticipate, prevent, and attack the causes of environmental degradation, especially when there is a threat of serious or irreversible damage. 3. Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, balancing economic growth with environmental protection. 4. Public Trust Doctrine: Certain natural resources (like air, water, forests) are held by the government in trust for the public and must be protected for the benefit of all citizens.