India Emerges as Largest Manufacturing Base for Global Companies Post-COVID

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is correct. The PLI schemes were introduced to boost domestic manufacturing, reduce import dependence, and make Indian industries globally competitive. Statement 2 is correct. The incentives are typically calculated as a percentage of incremental sales (over a base year) of manufactured goods. Statement 3 is incorrect. While many PLI schemes target large-scale manufacturing, some schemes, like those for textiles or food processing, have provisions or components that benefit MSMEs, and the overall aim is to create an ecosystem that supports all scales of industry through backward and forward linkages.

सही उत्तर: A

Statement 1 is correct. The 'China Plus One' strategy is a business strategy where companies seek to diversify their supply chains by establishing manufacturing or sourcing operations in at least one other country besides China. This is primarily driven by geopolitical risks, rising labor costs in China, and supply chain disruptions experienced during events like the COVID-19 pandemic. Statement 2 is incorrect. This strategy is adopted by global companies, not by China itself, to reduce over-reliance on a single country. Statement 3 is incorrect. While trade policies like tariffs might contribute to the motivation for 'China Plus One', the strategy itself is about supply chain diversification, not a direct trade policy.

सही उत्तर: D

Statement A is incorrect. While there have been efforts, the growth has not been consistent, and the share has largely stagnated. Statement B is correct regarding the target, but the target was not met by 2022. The National Manufacturing Policy (2011) indeed aimed to increase the share of manufacturing in GDP to 25% and create 100 million additional jobs by 2022. However, the question asks for a *correct description of the historical trend*. Statement C is incorrect. The services sector has been the largest contributor to India's GDP for a long time, followed by agriculture and then manufacturing. Statement D is the most accurate description of the historical trend. Despite various policies and initiatives like 'Make in India', the manufacturing sector's contribution to India's GDP has largely hovered around 15-17% for several decades, indicating a challenge in achieving significant structural transformation.

सही उत्तर: A

Assertion (A) is true, as stated in the news summary, India has emerged as the largest manufacturing base for global companies. Reason (R) is also true, as PLI schemes, ease of doing business reforms, and infrastructure development are explicitly mentioned as key drivers for this shift. Furthermore, R provides a direct and accurate explanation for A, detailing the policy and infrastructural support that made India attractive. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.