औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था (Aupcharik Arthvyavastha) क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
13 points- 1.
पॉइंट 1: औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था में कानूनी रूप से काम करने के लिए व्यवसायों को सरकार के साथ पंजीकरण कराना होगा। यह पंजीकरण प्रक्रिया देश और उद्योग के अनुसार अलग-अलग होती है।
- 2.
पॉइंट 2: औपचारिक व्यवसायों को आयकर, कॉर्पोरेट कर और मूल्य वर्धित कर (वैट) सहित करों का भुगतान करना आवश्यक है। ये कर सार्वजनिक सेवाओं के लिए धन देते हैं।
- 3.
पॉइंट 3: औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था में श्रम कानून श्रमिकों के अधिकारों की रक्षा करते हैं, जिसमें न्यूनतम वेतन, काम के घंटे और कार्यस्थल सुरक्षा शामिल हैं। इन कानूनों को सरकारी एजेंसियों द्वारा लागू किया जाता है।
- 4.
पॉइंट 4: औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था में कर्मचारी अक्सर सामाजिक सुरक्षा लाभों के हकदार होते हैं, जैसे कि पेंशन, बेरोजगारी बीमा और स्वास्थ्य बीमा। ये लाभ श्रमिकों के लिए एक सुरक्षा जाल प्रदान करते हैं।
- 5.
पॉइंट 5: औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था वित्तीय प्रणाली से निकटता से जुड़ी हुई है। औपचारिक व्यवसायों के पास क्रेडिट और बैंकिंग सेवाओं तक पहुंच है, जो उन्हें बढ़ने और निवेश करने में मदद करती है।
- 6.
पॉइंट 6: सरकारी नीतियां, जैसे कि कर प्रोत्साहन और नियामक सुधार, व्यवसायों को अपने कार्यों को औपचारिक बनाने के लिए प्रोत्साहित कर सकती हैं। इन नीतियों का उद्देश्य औपचारिकीकरण की लागत और बोझ को कम करना है।
- 7.
पॉइंट 7: औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था के आकार को अक्सर औपचारिक नौकरियों में कार्यरत कार्यबल के प्रतिशत और औपचारिक व्यवसायों द्वारा उत्पन्न जीडीपी के प्रतिशत से मापा जाता है। ये संकेतक अर्थव्यवस्था के स्वास्थ्य में अंतर्दृष्टि प्रदान करते हैं।
- 8.
पॉइंट 8: एक मजबूत औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था विदेशी निवेश को आकर्षित कर सकती है, क्योंकि निवेशक स्थिर और अनुमानित कारोबारी माहौल वाले देशों में निवेश करना पसंद करते हैं।
- 9.
पॉइंट 9: औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था सरकारी विनियमन और निरीक्षण के अधीन है। यह सुनिश्चित करने में मदद करता है कि व्यवसाय निष्पक्ष और पारदर्शी रूप से काम करते हैं।
- 10.
पॉइंट 10: अनौपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था अक्सर औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था के साथ मौजूद होती है। कुछ व्यवसाय करों और नियमों से बचने के लिए आंशिक रूप से औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था में और आंशिक रूप से अनौपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था में काम कर सकते हैं।
- 11.
पॉइंट 11: वस्तु एवं सेवा कर (GST) भारत में औपचारिक अर्थव्यवस्था का एक महत्वपूर्ण घटक है, जो अप्रत्यक्ष करों को सुव्यवस्थित करता है और अनुपालन में सुधार करता है।
- 12.
पॉइंट 12: कर्मचारी भविष्य निधि संगठन (EPFO) औपचारिक क्षेत्र के कर्मचारियों के लिए सामाजिक सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करता है, दीर्घकालिक बचत और वित्तीय सुरक्षा को बढ़ावा देता है।
- 13.
पॉइंट 13: मेक इन इंडिया और स्किल इंडिया जैसी पहल का उद्देश्य औपचारिक क्षेत्र में रोजगार और आर्थिक विकास को बढ़ावा देना है।
दृश्य सामग्री
Characteristics of the Formal Economy
Illustrates the key characteristics of the formal economy, including regulation, taxation, and social security.
Formal Economy
- ●Regulation
- ●Taxation
- ●Social Security
हालिया विकास
7 विकासThe government has been implementing policies to promote the formalization of the economy, such as simplifying business registration procedures and offering tax incentives (2020-2024).
The rise of digital technologies is creating new opportunities for formalizing economic activities, such as online marketplaces and digital payment systems (2023).
There is ongoing debate about the best way to balance the need for regulation with the need to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of a strong formal economy, as formal businesses were better able to access government support and protect their workers (2020-2022).
The government is focusing on improving labor laws and social security systems to make formal employment more attractive to workers.
Increased use of Aadhaar and other digital identity systems is helping to formalize transactions and reduce tax evasion (ongoing).
Initiatives to promote financial inclusion, such as the Jan Dhan Yojana, are helping to bring more people into the formal banking system (ongoing).
विभिन्न समाचारों में यह अवधारणा
1 विषयसामान्य प्रश्न
121. What is the formal economy, and what are its key characteristics?
The formal economy includes all officially recognized, regulated, and taxed economic activities within a country. Key characteristics include business registration, tax compliance, adherence to labor laws, and access to the formal financial system. It contributes to a country's GDP and provides social security benefits to workers.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember the key aspects: registration, taxation, labor laws, and GDP contribution.
2. What are the key provisions associated with operating within the formal economy?
Key provisions include: * Businesses must register with the government. * Formal businesses are required to pay taxes. * Labor laws protect workers' rights. * Employees are often entitled to social security benefits. * Formal businesses have access to credit and banking services.
- •Businesses must register with the government.
- •Formal businesses are required to pay taxes.
- •Labor laws protect workers' rights.
- •Employees are often entitled to social security benefits.
- •Formal businesses have access to credit and banking services.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on registration, taxation, labor laws, social security, and access to finance.
3. How does the formal economy differ from the informal economy?
The formal economy is officially recognized, regulated, and taxed by the government, while the informal economy is not. Formal businesses are registered, pay taxes, and follow labor laws, providing workers with benefits. Informal businesses often operate without registration, avoid taxes, and lack labor protections.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Understand the key differences: regulation, taxation, and worker benefits.
4. What is the significance of the formal economy in India's economic development?
A strong formal economy helps India grow, collect revenue for public services, and protect workers' rights. It provides a stable and predictable environment for businesses to invest and expand, contributing to job creation and economic growth. It also allows the government to fund social programs and infrastructure development through tax revenue.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Relate the formal economy to economic growth, revenue generation, and worker protection.
5. What are the challenges in formalizing the Indian economy?
Challenges include simplifying business registration procedures, offering tax incentives, and balancing regulation with entrepreneurship. Many small businesses find it difficult to comply with regulations and taxes, leading them to remain in the informal sector.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Consider the challenges faced by small businesses and the need for simplified regulations.
6. What reforms have been suggested to promote the formalization of the Indian economy?
Suggested reforms include simplifying business registration, reducing tax burdens, improving access to credit, and strengthening labor law enforcement. The government has been implementing policies to promote formalization, such as simplifying business registration procedures and offering tax incentives.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on simplification of procedures, tax incentives, and access to credit.
7. How has the formal economy evolved over time, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries?
The concept of a formal economy developed alongside the rise of modern nation-states and industrialization. In the 19th and 20th centuries, governments began to create laws and institutions to formalize economic activities. This included registering businesses, establishing labor laws, and creating tax systems. After World War II, international organizations like the UN also played a role.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember the link between industrialization, nation-state development, and the formal economy.
8. What is the role of digital technologies in formalizing economic activities?
The rise of digital technologies is creating new opportunities for formalizing economic activities, such as online marketplaces and digital payment systems. These technologies make it easier for businesses to register, pay taxes, and access financial services, thus promoting formalization.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Consider how digital technologies simplify registration, taxation, and access to finance.
9. What are some common misconceptions about the formal economy?
A common misconception is that the formal economy is always better than the informal economy. While the formal economy offers benefits like worker protection and social security, the informal economy can provide flexibility and income opportunities for those who cannot access formal employment.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Recognize that both formal and informal economies have their own advantages and disadvantages.
10. What aspects of the formal economy are frequently asked about in the UPSC exam?
Questions related to economic growth, employment, taxation, and social security often touch upon the formal economy. Expect factual questions about government schemes and policies related to formalization.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on government policies, economic growth indicators, and social security schemes.
11. What is your opinion on the government's efforts to formalize the economy, balancing regulation with entrepreneurship?
Balancing regulation with entrepreneurship is crucial. While formalization is important for revenue generation and worker protection, excessive regulation can stifle innovation and discourage small businesses. Policies should aim to simplify compliance and provide incentives for formalization while supporting entrepreneurship.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Consider the trade-offs between regulation and entrepreneurship.
12. What are the relevant legal frameworks related to the formal economy in India?
Relevant legal frameworks include the Constitution of India (provisions related to economic policy and labor rights), the Companies Act, the Income Tax Act, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act, and various labor laws such as the Minimum Wages Act and the Employees' Provident Funds and.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on key acts related to companies, taxation, and labor.