पानी की कमी क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
10 points- 1.
जब पानी की मांग पानी की आपूर्ति से अधिक हो जाती है तब होती है
- 2.
शारीरिक कमी (पर्याप्त पानी नहीं) या आर्थिक कमी (पहुंच की कमी) हो सकती है
- 3.
जलवायु परिवर्तन, प्रदूषण और पानी के अक्षम उपयोग से बढ़ जाती है
- 4.
खाद्य असुरक्षा, स्वास्थ्य समस्याएं और आर्थिक नुकसान की ओर ले जाती है
- 5.
एकीकृत जल संसाधन प्रबंधन और जल संरक्षण उपायों की आवश्यकता है
- 6.
कृषि, उद्योग और घरेलू पानी की आपूर्ति को प्रभावित करता है
- 7.
सामाजिक अशांति और राजनीतिक अस्थिरता का कारण बन सकता है
- 8.
सीमा पार जल संसाधनों के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सहयोग की आवश्यकता है
- 9.
खराब सिंचाई प्रथाओं और पानी के बुनियादी ढांचे की कमी से बढ़ावा मिलता है
- 10.
जल संचयन, जल पुनर्चक्रण और कुशल सिंचाई के माध्यम से संबोधित किया गया
दृश्य सामग्री
Evolution of Water Scarcity Concerns in India
Timeline illustrating the key events and developments related to water scarcity in India over the past decade.
भारत में बढ़ती जनसंख्या, शहरीकरण और जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण पानी की कमी एक बढ़ती चिंता रही है। समयरेखा इस चुनौती का सामना करने के उद्देश्य से प्रमुख घटनाओं और पहलों को उजागर करती है।
- 2016महाराष्ट्र में भीषण सूखा, जिससे कृषि और आजीविका प्रभावित हुई।
- 2018नीति आयोग की रिपोर्ट में कई राज्यों में भूजल के गंभीर कमी को उजागर किया गया।
- 2019जल संरक्षण और जल सुरक्षा में सुधार के लिए जल शक्ति अभियान शुरू किया गया।
- 2021बाढ़ और सूखे जैसी चरम मौसम की घटनाओं की आवृत्ति में वृद्धि।
- 2023हिमालय में जल संसाधनों पर जलवायु परिवर्तन के प्रभाव पर रिपोर्ट।
- 2025जल प्रबंधन में सुधार के लिए चुनिंदा राज्यों में जल लेखांकन ढांचे का कार्यान्वयन।
- 2026अस्थिर जल प्रबंधन प्रथाओं के कारण 'जल दिवालियापन' को लेकर बढ़ती चिंताएँ।
हालिया विकास
5 विकासGovernment initiatives to promote water conservation and water harvesting
Implementation of water-efficient irrigation techniques in agriculture
Focus on groundwater recharge and sustainable groundwater management
Awareness campaigns to promote water conservation practices
Development of water infrastructure projects to improve water supply
सामान्य प्रश्न
61. What is Water Scarcity, and what are its primary causes as highlighted for the UPSC exam?
Water scarcity refers to the lack of sufficient water resources to meet water demands within a region. It can be physical (absolute shortage) or economic (lack of investment in water infrastructure). Key causes include population growth, urbanization, industrialization, climate change, pollution, and inefficient water use.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember the dual nature of water scarcity: physical and economic. Also, connect the causes to broader trends like climate change and urbanization.
2. What are the key provisions related to Water Scarcity, as relevant for UPSC, and how do they aim to address the issue?
Key provisions related to water scarcity include the National Water Policy, Environment Protection Act 1986, Inter-State River Water Disputes Act 1956, and Article 21 (Right to Life, which includes the right to water). These aim to promote integrated water resource management, protect water resources, and ensure equitable access to water.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on understanding the purpose of each legal provision and how they collectively contribute to water security.
3. How does economic water scarcity differ from physical water scarcity, and what are the implications for water management strategies?
Physical water scarcity occurs when there is not enough water to meet demands. Economic water scarcity occurs when water resources are available, but there is a lack of investment in infrastructure to make the water accessible to people. This distinction impacts water management strategies, as physical scarcity requires conservation and supply augmentation, while economic scarcity requires investment in infrastructure and governance.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Understand that economic scarcity can be addressed through policy and investment, while physical scarcity requires more fundamental changes in water use and resource management.
4. What recent developments, as per the concept data, are aimed at mitigating water scarcity in India?
Recent developments include government initiatives to promote water conservation and water harvesting, implementation of water-efficient irrigation techniques in agriculture, and a focus on groundwater recharge and sustainable groundwater management.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on the practical application of these developments and their potential impact on water availability.
5. What are the major challenges in the effective implementation of water conservation measures to combat water scarcity in India?
Challenges include: lack of awareness among the public, inadequate infrastructure for water harvesting and storage, inefficient irrigation practices, pollution of water bodies, and conflicts over water resources. Effective implementation requires integrated water resource management and community participation.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Consider the socio-economic factors that contribute to these challenges and how they can be addressed through policy interventions.
6. How can integrated water resource management (IWRM) help in addressing the challenges posed by water scarcity?
Integrated water resource management (IWRM) promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources to maximize economic and social welfare equitably without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems. It helps in addressing water scarcity by ensuring efficient allocation, promoting conservation, and reducing conflicts over water resources.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember that IWRM is a holistic approach that considers the interconnectedness of water resources and the need for stakeholder participation.