Grounds for Removal: A judge can be removed only on the grounds of 'proved misbehaviour' or 'incapacity' (Article 124(4) and 217(1)(b)). These terms are not explicitly defined in the Constitution.

Initiation of Motion: A motion for removal can be initiated in either House of Parliament. In the Lok Sabha, it requires the signatures of 100 members; in the Rajya Sabha, it requires 50 members.

Speaker/Chairman's Discretion: The Speaker (Lok Sabha) or Chairman (Rajya Sabha) has the discretion to admit or refuse the motion.

Investigation Committee: If admitted, a three-member committee is constituted to investigate the charges. This committee typically comprises the Chief Justice or a senior judge of the Supreme Court, a Chief Justice of a High Court, and a distinguished jurist.

Committee Report: If the committee finds the judge guilty, the motion, along with the committee's report, is taken up for consideration in the House where it was introduced.

Special Majority Requirement: The motion must be passed by each House of Parliament by a special majority, which means a majority of the total membership of that House AND a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting.

President's Order: After both Houses pass the motion by the requisite special majority, an address is presented to the President, who then issues an order for the removal of the judge.

Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968: This Act regulates the procedure for the investigation and presentation of an address for the removal of a judge.

Difficulty of Process: The process is deliberately arduous to safeguard judicial independence. No judge has been successfully impeached and removed from office in India till date.

Grounds for Removal: A judge can be removed only on the grounds of 'proved misbehaviour' or 'incapacity' (Article 124(4) and 217(1)(b)). These terms are not explicitly defined in the Constitution.

Initiation of Motion: A motion for removal can be initiated in either House of Parliament. In the Lok Sabha, it requires the signatures of 100 members; in the Rajya Sabha, it requires 50 members.

Speaker/Chairman's Discretion: The Speaker (Lok Sabha) or Chairman (Rajya Sabha) has the discretion to admit or refuse the motion.

Investigation Committee: If admitted, a three-member committee is constituted to investigate the charges. This committee typically comprises the Chief Justice or a senior judge of the Supreme Court, a Chief Justice of a High Court, and a distinguished jurist.

Committee Report: If the committee finds the judge guilty, the motion, along with the committee's report, is taken up for consideration in the House where it was introduced.

Special Majority Requirement: The motion must be passed by each House of Parliament by a special majority, which means a majority of the total membership of that House AND a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting.

President's Order: After both Houses pass the motion by the requisite special majority, an address is presented to the President, who then issues an order for the removal of the judge.

Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968: This Act regulates the procedure for the investigation and presentation of an address for the removal of a judge.

Difficulty of Process: The process is deliberately arduous to safeguard judicial independence. No judge has been successfully impeached and removed from office in India till date.