27 Feb 2026·Source: The Indian Express

4 min

International RelationsScience & TechnologyNEWS

India and Israel Deepen Ties with Strategic Partnership

Q: Why is this 'Special Strategic Partnership' happening now? What changed?

Several factors likely contributed to the timing: * Growing trust: Years of cooperation, especially in defense, have built a strong foundation. * Shared interests: Both countries face similar challenges, including counter-terrorism and the need for technological advancement. * Geopolitical shifts: The evolving global landscape encourages closer ties between like-minded nations.

Q: How would you structure a 250-word Mains answer on the 'India-Israel Special Strategic Partnership'?

Here's a possible structure: * Introduction (30 words): Briefly define the partnership and its key areas of focus. * Body (170 words): Discuss the reasons for the partnership (shared interests, growing trust), its potential benefits for India (technology access, investment), and any associated risks (geopolitical sensitivities). * Conclusion (50 words): Summarize the significance of the partnership for India's strategic interests and technological advancement. Key points: Introduction (30 words): Briefly define the partnership and its key areas of focus.. Body (170 words): Discuss the reasons for the partnership (shared interests, growing trust), its potential benefits for India (technology access, investment), and any associated risks (geopolitical sensitivities).. Conclusion (50 words): Summarize the significance of the partnership for India's strategic interests and technological advancement. Exam tip: Focus on a balanced answer, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges.

17 agreements signed as India and Israel elevate bilateral relations.

India and Israel have elevated their relationship to a "Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity," marked by the signing of 17 agreements. This occurred after discussions between Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Benjamin Netanyahu. The partnership emphasizes collaboration in areas such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and critical minerals. Prime Minister Modi highlighted the robust foundation of trust and shared democratic principles between the two nations. Prime Minister Netanyahu characterized the visit as exceptionally productive and emotionally resonant. A key outcome is the establishment of a Critical and Emerging Technologies Partnership, designed to enhance cooperation in AI, quantum technologies, and critical minerals.

This deepened strategic partnership is particularly significant for India as it seeks to enhance its technological capabilities and secure access to critical resources. The focus on AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals aligns with India's priorities in developing its domestic technology sector and reducing reliance on other nations for essential materials. This development is relevant for UPSC exams, particularly in the International Relations section of GS Paper 2 and the Science and Technology section of GS Paper 3.

Key Facts

India and Israel have established a "Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity."

17 agreements were signed between the two countries.

The partnership focuses on cooperation in AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals.

Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Benjamin Netanyahu emphasized the strong foundation of trust and shared democratic values.

UPSC Exam Angles

GS Paper 2 (International Relations): Bilateral relations, strategic partnerships, impact on India's foreign policy.

GS Paper 3 (Science and Technology): Developments in AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals; implications for India's technological advancement.

GS Paper 3 (Economy): Impact on trade, investment, and economic cooperation between India and Israel.

In Simple Words

India and Israel are now closer friends. They've agreed to work together on important things like new technologies and getting resources. This means they'll share ideas and help each other grow.

India Angle

This partnership can bring new technologies to India, helping farmers and businesses. It could also create new jobs and opportunities for Indian students and researchers.

For Instance

It's like two friends starting a business together. One friend is good at making things, and the other is good at selling them. Together, they can make a successful company.

This partnership can improve India's technology and economy. It can also make India stronger and more secure in the world.

India and Israel: Friends in tech, partners in progress.

India and Israel have elevated their relationship to a "Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity," signing 17 agreements after talks between Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Benjamin Netanyahu. The partnership focuses on cooperation in areas like AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals. Modi emphasized the strong foundation of trust and shared democratic values between the two nations.

Netanyahu described the visit as extraordinarily productive and moving. The decision to establish a Critical and Emerging Technologies Partnership will boost cooperation in AI, quantum, and critical minerals.

Expert Analysis

The elevation of India-Israel relations to a "Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity" signifies a deepening of ties that extends beyond traditional diplomatic engagements. Several key concepts underpin this enhanced relationship.

The Strategic Partnership framework itself is a crucial element. Unlike a simple bilateral agreement, a strategic partnership implies a long-term commitment to cooperation across multiple sectors, with a focus on shared strategic interests. In this case, the partnership explicitly targets "Peace, Innovation and Prosperity," indicating a broad scope that includes security cooperation, technological advancement, and economic growth. The signing of 17 agreements underscores the tangible nature of this commitment, moving beyond mere declarations of intent.

The Critical and Emerging Technologies Partnership is another vital component. This partnership directly addresses the future of technological competition, focusing on areas like AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals. These technologies are considered essential for economic competitiveness and national security in the 21st century. By prioritizing cooperation in these fields, India and Israel aim to leverage their respective strengths to develop cutting-edge capabilities and reduce dependence on other nations. This is particularly relevant for India's ambition to become a global technology leader.

Finally, the focus on AI and Quantum Computing highlights the forward-looking nature of the partnership. These technologies are still in their early stages of development, but they have the potential to revolutionize industries and transform societies. By investing in joint research and development in these areas, India and Israel are positioning themselves to be at the forefront of technological innovation. This collaboration also addresses potential security concerns related to these technologies, ensuring that they are developed and used responsibly. For UPSC aspirants, understanding the significance of strategic partnerships, the role of emerging technologies, and the geopolitical implications of these collaborations is crucial for both prelims and mains exams.

Visual Insights

India-Israel Strategic Partnership

Map showing the locations of India and Israel, highlighting their strategic partnership.

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📍India📍Israel

Key Highlights of India-Israel Partnership (2026)

Key statistics and agreements from the India-Israel strategic partnership.

Agreements Signed: 17

More Information

Background

The relationship between India and Israel has evolved significantly since the establishment of full diplomatic relations in 1992. Prior to this, India maintained a cautious approach due to its historical support for the Palestinian cause and its large Muslim population. However, the changing geopolitical landscape and shared security concerns, particularly related to counter-terrorism, led to a gradual warming of ties. Defense cooperation has been a cornerstone of the India-Israel relationship. Israel has emerged as a major supplier of military equipment to India, providing advanced technologies and systems. This collaboration extends beyond procurement to include joint research and development, further strengthening the strategic partnership. The current elevation to a "Special Strategic Partnership" builds upon this existing foundation, expanding cooperation into new areas such as technology and innovation. The focus on Critical and Emerging Technologies reflects a broader global trend towards technological competition and the recognition of the strategic importance of these technologies. Countries are increasingly seeking to secure access to critical resources and develop domestic capabilities in these fields to maintain their economic competitiveness and national security.

Latest Developments

In recent years, India and Israel have deepened their cooperation across various sectors. This includes increased collaboration in agriculture, water management, and healthcare. The two countries have also been working together on joint projects in areas such as renewable energy and cybersecurity. The establishment of the Critical and Emerging Technologies Partnership is a significant step forward in the relationship. This partnership is expected to facilitate greater technology transfer, joint research and development, and investment in these key areas. It also aligns with India's efforts to promote domestic manufacturing and innovation under the Make in India initiative. Looking ahead, the India-Israel relationship is expected to continue to strengthen. Both countries share a common interest in promoting regional stability and combating terrorism. They are also committed to expanding their economic and technological cooperation. The focus on emerging technologies suggests a long-term vision for the partnership, with the potential for significant advancements in areas such as AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What's the most likely way UPSC Prelims would test this news about the India-Israel partnership?

UPSC might ask about the 'Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity.' They could present options like 'Defense Cooperation Agreement' or 'Free Trade Agreement' as distractors. Remember the focus is on peace, innovation, and prosperity, with an emphasis on technology.

Exam Tip

Memorize the full name of the partnership to avoid confusion with other agreements. Focus on the technology aspect (AI, quantum computing, critical minerals).

2. Why is this 'Special Strategic Partnership' happening now? What changed?

Several factors likely contributed to the timing: * Growing trust: Years of cooperation, especially in defense, have built a strong foundation. * Shared interests: Both countries face similar challenges, including counter-terrorism and the need for technological advancement. * Geopolitical shifts: The evolving global landscape encourages closer ties between like-minded nations.

3. How does this partnership with Israel connect to India's 'Make in India' initiative?

The partnership emphasizes technology transfer and joint projects in areas like AI and quantum computing. This aligns with 'Make in India' by encouraging domestic production and innovation in these sectors. It can help Indian companies develop advanced technologies within the country.

4. What are the potential benefits and risks for India in deepening ties with Israel?

Benefits: * Access to advanced technologies, especially in defense and cybersecurity. * Increased investment and trade opportunities. * Strengthened strategic partnership in a complex geopolitical region. Risks: * Potential impact on relations with other countries, particularly those with differing views on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. * Domestic political sensitivities related to the partnership.

•Access to advanced technologies, especially in defense and cybersecurity.
•Increased investment and trade opportunities.
•Strengthened strategic partnership in a complex geopolitical region.
•Potential impact on relations with other countries, particularly those with differing views on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
•Domestic political sensitivities related to the partnership.

5. The article mentions a 'Critical and Emerging Technologies Partnership.' What exactly does that entail?

This partnership aims to boost cooperation in areas like AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals. It likely involves: * Joint research and development projects. * Technology transfer and knowledge sharing. * Investment in startups and innovation ecosystems.

•Joint research and development projects.
•Technology transfer and knowledge sharing.
•Investment in startups and innovation ecosystems.

6. How would you structure a 250-word Mains answer on the 'India-Israel Special Strategic Partnership'?

Here's a possible structure: * Introduction (30 words): Briefly define the partnership and its key areas of focus. * Body (170 words): Discuss the reasons for the partnership (shared interests, growing trust), its potential benefits for India (technology access, investment), and any associated risks (geopolitical sensitivities). * Conclusion (50 words): Summarize the significance of the partnership for India's strategic interests and technological advancement.

•Introduction (30 words): Briefly define the partnership and its key areas of focus.
•Body (170 words): Discuss the reasons for the partnership (shared interests, growing trust), its potential benefits for India (technology access, investment), and any associated risks (geopolitical sensitivities).
•Conclusion (50 words): Summarize the significance of the partnership for India's strategic interests and technological advancement.

Exam Tip

Focus on a balanced answer, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges.

7. Will this India-Israel partnership likely appear in GS Paper 2 or GS Paper 3, and from what angle?

It's most relevant to GS Paper 2 (International Relations). The angle would be bilateral relations, India's foreign policy, and the impact of the partnership on regional dynamics. It could also touch upon GS Paper 3 (Science and Technology) if the question focuses on technology transfer and innovation.

Exam Tip

When writing about this in GS Paper 2, link it to India's broader foreign policy objectives and its approach to the Middle East.

8. What should I write if a Mains question asks me to 'Critically examine' the India-Israel partnership?

A 'critically examine' question requires a balanced assessment. You should: * Acknowledge the benefits: technology transfer, defense cooperation, strategic alignment. * Discuss the potential drawbacks: impact on relations with other nations, domestic political considerations. * Offer a nuanced conclusion: Weigh the pros and cons and assess the overall impact on India's interests.

•Acknowledge the benefits: technology transfer, defense cooperation, strategic alignment.
•Discuss the potential drawbacks: impact on relations with other nations, domestic political considerations.
•Offer a nuanced conclusion: Weigh the pros and cons and assess the overall impact on India's interests.

Exam Tip

Avoid taking a strongly pro- or anti-Israel stance. Maintain a neutral and analytical tone.

9. How does this partnership fit into India's broader strategy in the Middle East?

India aims to maintain good relations with all countries in the Middle East. The partnership with Israel is one aspect of this strategy, focused on technology and security cooperation. India also continues to engage with Arab nations, balancing its relationships to serve its economic and strategic interests.

10. What is the official government position on this deepened relationship with Israel? Is there any dissent?

The government officially views this partnership as beneficial for India's economic and strategic interests. Publicly, there is strong support for closer ties with Israel. While some political parties and groups may express reservations, particularly concerning the Palestinian issue, the overall consensus is in favor of the partnership.

Practice Questions (MCQs)

1. Consider the following statements regarding the "Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity" between India and Israel: 1. The partnership focuses exclusively on defense cooperation and counter-terrorism measures. 2. The partnership includes cooperation in areas such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and critical minerals. 3. The partnership aims to reduce India's dependence on other nations for essential materials and technologies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A.1 only
B.2 and 3 only
C.1 and 3 only
D.1, 2 and 3

Show Answer

Answer: B

Statement 1 is INCORRECT: The partnership includes cooperation in various areas, not exclusively defense and counter-terrorism. Statement 2 is CORRECT: The partnership focuses on AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals. Statement 3 is CORRECT: The partnership aims to enhance India's technological capabilities and reduce reliance on other nations for essential materials. Therefore, only statements 2 and 3 are correct.

2. Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the "Critical and Emerging Technologies Partnership" between India and Israel?

A.It primarily focuses on enhancing cultural exchange programs between the two countries.
B.It aims to promote cooperation in areas such as AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals.
C.It is designed to facilitate the transfer of agricultural technologies from Israel to India.
D.It seeks to establish a free trade agreement between India and Israel.

Show Answer

Answer: B

The "Critical and Emerging Technologies Partnership" is specifically designed to enhance cooperation in areas such as AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals. This partnership aims to leverage the strengths of both countries to develop cutting-edge capabilities and reduce dependence on other nations in these strategically important fields.

3. Assertion (A): India and Israel have elevated their relationship to a "Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity." Reason (R): This partnership is primarily driven by shared concerns about regional security and counter-terrorism. In the context of the above, which of the following is correct?

A.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B.Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
C.A is true, but R is false.
D.A is false, but R is true.

Show Answer

Answer: B

Both A and R are true. India and Israel have indeed elevated their relationship to a "Special Strategic Partnership." While shared concerns about regional security and counter-terrorism are important factors, they are not the sole drivers of the partnership. The partnership also encompasses cooperation in areas such as AI, quantum computing, and critical minerals, indicating a broader scope beyond security concerns.

4. Which of the following sectors is NOT a primary focus of the enhanced strategic partnership between India and Israel?

A.Artificial Intelligence (AI)
B.Quantum Computing
C.Critical Minerals
D.Space Exploration

Show Answer

Answer: D

While India and Israel collaborate in various fields, the enhanced strategic partnership specifically emphasizes cooperation in Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and critical minerals. Space exploration, although a potential area for future collaboration, is not explicitly mentioned as a primary focus of the current partnership.