India Unveils Comprehensive National Counter-Terrorism Policy to Combat Evolving Threats

Several factors likely contributed to the timing: * Evolving threats: Terrorist groups are increasingly using technology like social media and drones, requiring a more modern and coordinated response. * Cross-border terrorism: The policy explicitly addresses state-sponsored terrorism, highlighting the continued threat from across the border. * Need for uniformity: The policy aims to create a uniform anti-terrorism structure across all states, suggesting a desire to address inconsistencies in the previous decentralized approach.

While the specific measures aren't detailed, likely components include: * Counter-radicalization programs: Initiatives to challenge extremist ideologies and promote moderate values. * Community engagement: Working with local communities to identify and address the root causes of radicalization. * Cybersecurity measures: Monitoring and removing extremist content online and countering terrorist propaganda.

PRAHAAR likely complements the UAPA by providing a broader strategic framework. While UAPA is a specific law dealing with unlawful activities, PRAHAAR is a comprehensive policy that guides the overall counter-terrorism approach. PRAHAAR aims to unify anti-terrorism efforts across states and address modern challenges like cyber terrorism, which may not be fully covered by UAPA.

This statement is significant for several reasons: * Maintaining social harmony: It aims to prevent the stigmatization of any particular religious community. * Countering extremist narratives: Terrorist groups often exploit religious sentiments to justify their actions. This statement undermines such narratives. * International image: It reinforces India's commitment to secularism and inclusivity on the global stage.

The policy's objective of establishing a uniform anti-terrorism structure across all states could lead to increased coordination and cooperation between the center and states. However, it could also raise concerns about the center's encroachment on state autonomy. Successful implementation will depend on building consensus and ensuring that states have adequate resources and support.

The FATF sets international standards for combating money laundering and terrorist financing. India's compliance with FATF standards is crucial for preventing terrorist groups from accessing funds and operating effectively. The FATF also assesses countries' counter-terrorism financing measures, which can impact India's international reputation and access to financial resources.

Challenges could include: * Varying threat perceptions: Different states face different levels and types of terrorist threats. * Resource constraints: Some states may lack the resources to implement the policy effectively. * Coordination issues: Ensuring effective coordination between state and central agencies can be complex. * Political differences: Differing political priorities between the center and states could hinder implementation.

The use of drones by terrorist groups poses several threats: * Surveillance: Drones can be used to gather intelligence on sensitive locations. * Weapon delivery: Drones can be used to deliver explosives or other weapons. * Disruption: Drones can be used to disrupt critical infrastructure or public events. This necessitates increased surveillance, development of anti-drone technologies, and stricter regulations on drone usage.

Your answer should include: * Effectiveness: Assess the policy's potential effectiveness in addressing evolving threats. * Challenges: Discuss the challenges in implementation, such as center-state coordination and resource constraints. * Human rights: Examine the potential impact on civil liberties and human rights. * Alternatives: Consider alternative approaches or strategies that could complement the policy.

The correct answer is (b) 2 only. * Statement 1 is incorrect because the policy explicitly states that India does not associate terrorism with any specific religion. * Statement 2 is correct because a key objective of the policy is to establish a uniform anti-terrorism structure across all States.