14 Feb 2026·Source: The Hindu

4 min

Social IssuesNEWS

Online Learning Complements Physical Classrooms, Industry-Academia Collaboration Key

Online learning supplements physical classrooms; industry-academia collaboration addresses skill gaps, says Kadhambari S. Viswanathan.

Kadhambari S. Viswanathan, assistant vice-president at VIT, stated that online education is a significant trend and can coexist with physical classrooms. Speaking at The Hindu Tech Summit 2026, she emphasized the need for digital literacy and caution when using technology.

She noted the shift towards student-led learning and the importance of human intervention. Viswanathan also addressed the skill-set mismatch due to lack of practical exposure and highlighted that industry-academia collaboration can solve this. She also pointed out that generative AI affects communication skills.

Key Facts

Online education is a significant trend.

Online learning can coexist with physical classrooms.

Digital literacy is essential for using technology responsibly.

There is a skill-set mismatch due to lack of practical exposure.

Industry-academia collaboration can address the skill-set mismatch.

UPSC Exam Angles

GS Paper II: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Education

Connects to syllabus through education policy, digital initiatives, and skill development

Potential question types: Statement-based, analytical

In Simple Words

Online learning is becoming more common. It can work with regular classrooms. But we need to teach young people to use tech carefully. They should control the tech, not the other way around.

India Angle

In India, online learning can help students in remote areas get access to quality education. It can also help working professionals upgrade their skills. But it's important to make sure everyone has access to the internet and devices.

For Instance

Think of online courses like YouTube tutorials for cooking. They can teach you new recipes, but you still need to practice in your own kitchen to become a good cook.

Online learning affects everyone, from students to professionals. It's changing how we learn and work, so we need to be prepared.

Online learning: a tool to enhance, not replace, traditional education.

More Information

Background

The concept of online learning has evolved significantly over time. Initially, distance education relied on postal services and radio broadcasts. The advent of the internet revolutionized this, leading to the development of Learning Management Systems (LMS) and interactive online courses. This shift also brought about debates on the effectiveness of online versus traditional classroom learning. Over the years, various committees and policies have addressed the integration of technology in education. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the use of technology to enhance learning outcomes and bridge the digital divide. This policy also promotes the development of digital infrastructure and the training of teachers in using technology effectively. The policy recognizes the potential of online learning to reach remote areas and provide access to quality education for all. Industry-academia collaboration is crucial for aligning education with industry needs. This collaboration can take various forms, including internships, joint research projects, and curriculum development. The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) plays a significant role in promoting industry-academia partnerships in technical education. Such collaborations help students gain practical experience and develop the skills required by the industry.

Latest Developments

Recent years have seen a surge in online learning platforms and resources. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of online education, forcing institutions to rapidly adapt to remote teaching and learning. This has led to innovations in online pedagogy and the development of new tools and technologies for online education. The Digital India initiative has also played a crucial role in promoting digital literacy and providing access to internet connectivity in rural areas. However, challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to online education and addressing the digital divide. Many students in rural areas lack access to reliable internet connectivity and devices, which limits their ability to participate in online learning. There are ongoing debates about the effectiveness of online learning compared to traditional classroom learning, particularly in terms of student engagement and social interaction. Institutions like UGC are working to standardize online education and ensure quality. Looking ahead, the future of education is likely to be a blend of online and offline learning. Hybrid learning models, which combine the best aspects of both approaches, are gaining popularity. The focus will be on creating personalized learning experiences that cater to the individual needs of students. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies will further transform the education landscape.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the key aspects of online learning and industry-academia collaboration to remember for the UPSC Prelims?

For the UPSC Prelims, remember that online education is a growing trend that can complement traditional classrooms. Industry-academia collaboration is crucial for bridging the skill gap. Digital literacy is also essential for responsible technology use.

Exam Tip

Focus on the keywords: online education, industry-academia collaboration, digital literacy, and skill gap.

2. Why is industry-academia collaboration important in the context of online learning and skill development?

Industry-academia collaboration is crucial because it addresses the skill-set mismatch resulting from a lack of practical exposure. By working together, industries and academic institutions can ensure that students gain the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the workforce.

Exam Tip

Consider examples of successful collaborations and their impact on skill development.

3. What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of online learning complementing physical classrooms?

Online learning offers flexibility and accessibility, catering to diverse learning styles and schedules. However, it can also lead to social isolation and may not be suitable for all subjects or learners. Digital literacy is essential to navigate online resources effectively.

Exam Tip

Consider the socio-economic factors that influence access to online learning.

4. What is the significance of digital literacy in the context of online learning?

Digital literacy is essential for using technology responsibly and effectively in online learning. It enables students to navigate online resources, evaluate information critically, and avoid misinformation. Without digital literacy, the benefits of online learning may be limited.

Exam Tip

Relate digital literacy to government initiatives like Digital India.

5. What are the recent developments related to online learning in India?

Recent developments include the increased adoption of online learning platforms due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the push from initiatives like Digital India. Institutions are innovating in online pedagogy and developing new tools for remote teaching and learning.

Exam Tip

Focus on the impact of the pandemic on online education.

6. How does the rise of generative AI affect communication skills, as highlighted by Kadhambari S. Viswanathan?

Kadhambari S. Viswanathan pointed out that generative AI can affect communication skills. While AI can assist in generating content, over-reliance on it may hinder the development of original thought and effective communication abilities.

Exam Tip

Consider the ethical implications of using AI in education.

Practice Questions (MCQs)

1. Consider the following statements regarding the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: 1. It emphasizes the use of technology to enhance learning outcomes and bridge the digital divide. 2. It promotes the development of digital infrastructure and the training of teachers in using technology effectively. 3. It aims to replace all existing higher education institutions with a single type of institution. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A.1 and 2 only
B.2 and 3 only
C.1 and 3 only
D.1, 2 and 3

Show Answer

Answer: A

Statement 1 is CORRECT: The NEP 2020 emphasizes the use of technology to improve learning outcomes and reduce the digital gap. Statement 2 is CORRECT: It promotes digital infrastructure development and teacher training. Statement 3 is INCORRECT: The NEP 2020 aims to transform higher education institutions into multidisciplinary institutions, not replace them with a single type.

2. Which of the following initiatives is aimed at promoting digital literacy in India?

A.Skill India Mission
B.Digital India initiative
C.Make in India
D.Startup India

Show Answer

Answer: B

The Digital India initiative is a flagship program of the Government of India with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. It focuses on digital infrastructure, digital literacy, and digital delivery of services.

3. In the context of online education, what is a Learning Management System (LMS)?

A.A software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, automation and delivery of educational courses, training programs, or learning and development programs.
B.A type of hardware used for delivering online courses.
C.A government regulatory body for online education.
D.A social media platform for students.

Show Answer

Answer: A

A Learning Management System (LMS) is a software application that provides a framework for managing all aspects of the learning process. It is used for administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, and delivery of educational courses and training programs.