Background Context
The history of weed management in Indian agriculture is intertwined with the evolution of farming practices. Traditionally, manual weeding was the primary method, a labor-intensive process passed down through generations. The introduction of chemical herbicides in the mid-20th century, particularly after the Green Revolution, marked a significant shift. While initially effective, the overuse of herbicides led to the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds, a problem exacerbated by monoculture cropping systems. The understanding of weed ecology and integrated weed management (IWM) principles gradually developed as a response to the limitations of relying solely on chemical control. Early research focused on identifying weed species and their impact on crop yields, paving the way for more targeted and sustainable approaches.
Current Developments
Recent years have witnessed a surge in research and development of novel weed control technologies. Precision agriculture techniques, including drone-based weed detection and targeted herbicide application, are gaining traction. Furthermore, advancements in biotechnology have led to the development of herbicide-tolerant crops and bioherbicides. The focus is shifting towards integrated approaches that combine cultural practices, biological control, and judicious use of herbicides. Government initiatives, such as the National Food Security Mission, are increasingly incorporating weed management strategies to enhance crop productivity. The future outlook involves greater emphasis on sustainable weed management practices that minimize environmental impact and promote long-term agricultural productivity. There is also growing interest in exploring the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning for weed identification and control.
Previous Year Questions
PYQ 1 - UPSC Prelims 2023 2023
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of integrated weed management (IWM) in agriculture?
- (a) Solely relying on chemical herbicides for weed control.
- (b) Using a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical methods to manage weeds.
- (c) Ignoring weed infestation as a natural part of the ecosystem.
- (d) Focusing only on genetically modified crops resistant to herbicides.
Explanation: Integrated weed management involves using multiple strategies to control weeds, reducing reliance on any single method and minimizing environmental impact.
PYQ 2 - UPSC Mains 2022 2022
Discuss the challenges posed by herbicide-resistant weeds in Indian agriculture and suggest science-based solutions to mitigate their impact on crop yields and food security. (250 words)
PYQ 3 - SSC CGL 2023 2023
Which of the following is a method used in integrated weed management?
- (a) Monoculture
- (b) Crop Rotation
- (c) Continuous herbicide application
- (d) Ignoring weed growth
Explanation: Crop rotation is a key component of integrated weed management, helping to disrupt weed life cycles.
PYQ 4 - SSC CGL 2023 2023
What is the primary reason for the increasing prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds?
- (a) Decreased use of herbicides
- (b) Over-reliance on a single type of herbicide
- (c) Increased biodiversity in agricultural fields
- (d) Natural decline in weed populations
Explanation: Over-reliance on a single type of herbicide leads to selection pressure, favoring the survival and reproduction of resistant weeds.
PYQ 5 - IBPS PO 2023 2023
Which of the following technologies can be used to improve weed management in agriculture?
- (a) Blockchain
- (b) Precision Agriculture
- (c) Quantum Computing
- (d) Cryptocurrency
Explanation: Precision agriculture uses technologies like GPS and sensors to optimize resource application, including herbicides, for targeted weed control.
PYQ 6 - SBI PO 2023 2023
What type of financial support would be most beneficial for farmers adopting integrated weed management practices?
- (a) Subsidies on chemical fertilizers
- (b) Loans for purchasing combine harvesters
- (c) Subsidies on diverse seeds and equipment for mechanical weeding
- (d) Increased interest rates on agricultural loans
Explanation: Subsidies on diverse seeds and equipment for mechanical weeding would encourage the adoption of IWM by making it more economically viable.
PYQ 7 - CDS 2023 2023
Which of the following is NOT a cultural method of weed control?
- (a) Crop Rotation
- (b) Cover Cropping
- (c) Soil Solarization
- (d) Herbicide Application
Explanation: Herbicide application is a chemical method, while crop rotation, cover cropping, and soil solarization are cultural methods.
PYQ 8 - CDS 2023 2023
What is the primary goal of promoting awareness and training programs for farmers regarding weed management?
- (a) To increase herbicide sales
- (b) To educate farmers about the latest scientific approaches to weed management
- (c) To encourage monoculture farming
- (d) To reduce government spending on agriculture
Explanation: The primary goal is to empower farmers with the knowledge and skills to implement effective and sustainable weed management practices.