NHRC Issues Notice to Uttarakhand Over Mob Killing of Tripura Migrant

Answer: B

Statement 1 is correct. The Chairperson and members are appointed by the President on the recommendations of a six-member committee. Statement 2 is incorrect. The NHRC cannot inquire into any matter after the expiry of one year from the date on which the act constituting the violation of human rights is alleged to have been committed. Also, it generally does not inquire into matters sub-judice before a state human rights commission, though it can take cognizance if deemed necessary. Statement 3 is incorrect. The recommendations of the NHRC are not binding on the central or state governments, though they are expected to consider them seriously. Statement 4 is correct. The NHRC can investigate human rights violations committed by members of the armed forces, but with prior approval of the Central Government and its role is limited to seeking a report from the government and making recommendations.

Answer: B

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Indian Penal Code (IPC) does not specifically define 'mob lynching' as a distinct crime. Cases of mob violence are typically prosecuted under existing provisions related to murder, grievous hurt, unlawful assembly, etc. Some states have, however, enacted specific laws against mob lynching. Statement 2 is correct. In the Tehseen Poonawalla v. Union of India (2018) case, the Supreme Court issued a comprehensive set of guidelines to the central and state governments to prevent mob lynching, including preventive, remedial, and punitive measures, and recommended victim compensation schemes. Statement 3 is incorrect. 'Public Order' and 'Police' are subjects under the State List (List II) of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, meaning state governments primarily have the power to legislate and administer on these matters. The central government can, however, issue advisories and guidelines.

Answer: B

A) Article 19(1)(d) and (e) guarantee freedom of movement and residence, but they do not explicitly include the 'right to livelihood' for migrant workers in a direct and enforceable manner across states. While livelihood is an implicit aspect, the statement's phrasing is too strong. B) This statement is correct. The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979, was enacted to protect migrant workers from exploitation, regulate their employment, and ensure basic conditions of service, including wages, housing, and medical facilities, through a system of registration and licensing of contractors. C) This statement is incorrect. While states are encouraged to provide social security, the Constitution does not mandate that states provide all social security benefits irrespective of domicile, nor does it place the responsibility solely on the destination state. Social security is a concurrent subject, and schemes often involve both central and state contributions, with varying eligibility criteria. D) This statement is incorrect. The 'One Nation, One Ration Card' scheme enables portability of PDS benefits, allowing beneficiaries to lift their entitled food grains from any fair price shop in the country. However, it does not automatically enroll migrant workers for *all* state-specific welfare schemes in their destination state without any additional registration; other schemes may have their own specific eligibility and registration processes.