डोनरो सिद्धांत: अमेरिका का व्यावहारिकतावाद और वेनेजुएला का आर्थिक अस्तित्व

The 'Donroe Doctrine,' in this context, refers to the U.S.'s strategy of prioritizing resource extraction over regime change in Venezuela. It's important because it highlights a shift in U.S. foreign policy towards pragmatism and control over vital resources, even while engaging with a governing apparatus it may not fully support.

Key facts include the U.S.'s shift from regime change to 'regime management,' Venezuela's negotiations with the U.S. to ease sanctions, the increase in oil production to 900,000 barrels under Delcy Rodríguez, and the 37% rise in bilateral trade since FY23 due to the CEPA.

Historically, the Monroe Doctrine aimed to prevent European intervention in the Americas. Now, the U.S. is actively involved, not to colonize, but to manage the region's resources and political landscape for its own benefit, showcasing a shift from preventing external influence to exerting its own.

The CEPA (likely referring to a trade agreement, though not explicitly defined in the provided text) led to a 37% rise in bilateral trade since FY23. This indicates a growing economic relationship despite political tensions and sanctions, highlighting the pragmatic approach of both nations.

U.S. sanctions have significantly impacted Venezuela's economy, affecting access to essential goods and services for common citizens. Pragmatic negotiations to ease sanctions aim to preserve the welfare state, but long-term consequences could include continued economic instability and dependence on external actors.

Important dates include 2001, when the Hydrocarbon Law was enacted, and 2020, when the Anti-Blockade Law was enacted. These dates mark significant shifts in Venezuela's economic policies and its response to external pressures.

The U.S. approach to Venezuela is in the news due to the shift from regime change efforts to a more pragmatic approach focused on resource extraction and engagement with the current governing apparatus, despite ongoing sanctions and political tensions.

Nicolás Maduro is the President of Venezuela, while Delcy Rodríguez is a key figure in the current governing apparatus. The U.S. has attempted to oust Maduro but now engages with Rodríguez, highlighting a complex and pragmatic relationship focused on securing U.S. interests.

The situation in Venezuela highlights the limits of the emerging multipolar order because neither China nor Russia has directly confronted the U.S. in its sphere of influence, suggesting that the U.S. still holds significant sway in the Americas.

The Global South needs to act in concert to counter interventions. This requires stronger diplomatic ties, economic cooperation, and a unified stance against external interference to protect sovereignty and promote self-determination.