J&K Quota Protest Halted as Political Leaders Face House Arrest

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is correct. Articles 15(4) and 16(4) are the constitutional bedrock for reservation policies for backward classes, SCs, and STs. Statement 2 is incorrect. While the J&K Reorganisation Act, 2019, extended many central laws to J&K, it also allowed for the continuation or adaptation of certain existing J&K laws, and new reservation policies were introduced or modified, rather than a blanket repeal of all existing J&K-specific reservation laws and their direct replacement by central ones without any adaptation. For instance, the J&K Reservation Act, 2004, was amended, not entirely repealed, to align with the new constitutional framework. Statement 3 is correct. The 'open merit' or 'general category' typically refers to positions or seats that are open to all eligible candidates and are filled strictly based on merit, without any reservation for specific categories like SC, ST, OBC, or EWS.

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is incorrect. The right to assemble peacefully and without arms under Article 19(1)(b) is not absolute. It is subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by the state in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, public order, and morality, as per Article 19(3). Statement 2 is correct. House arrest is indeed a form of preventive detention, where a person is confined to their residence. It is typically ordered by the executive under specific laws (like CrPC provisions or special preventive detention acts) that allow for such detention without immediate judicial approval, though it is subject to review and safeguards. Statement 3 is correct. Article 22 provides crucial safeguards against arbitrary arrest and detention, including the right to be informed of the grounds of arrest, the right to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner, and the right to be produced before a Magistrate within 24 hours (excluding journey time) for ordinary arrests.

सही उत्तर: D

Statement A is correct. The UT of J&K has a Legislative Assembly with powers to legislate on subjects in the State List and Concurrent List, similar to Delhi and Puducherry, but public order and police remain with the Union/Lieutenant Governor. Statement B is correct. The Lieutenant Governor of a Union Territory with a legislature (like J&K) has the power to promulgate Ordinances under Article 239B of the Constitution, when the Assembly is not in session, subject to certain conditions. Statement C is correct. The J&K Reorganisation Act, 2019, established the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh as the common High Court for both Union Territories. Statement D is incorrect. The Parliament of India retains its power to make laws on any subject for a Union Territory, including J&K, even without the consent of its Legislative Assembly. The legislative power of the UT Assembly is concurrent with, and subordinate to, that of the Parliament.

सही उत्तर: C

Statement 1 is incorrect. While the Constitution (Article 22) deals with preventive detention, it does not explicitly define it or list specific grounds. It empowers Parliament to make laws for preventive detention and lays down safeguards. The grounds are typically defined in specific preventive detention laws enacted by Parliament or state legislatures. Statement 2 is incorrect. The safeguard of being produced before a Magistrate within 24 hours (Article 22(2)) applies to ordinary arrests (punitive detention), not to preventive detention. For preventive detention, the safeguards are different, primarily involving communication of grounds and review by an Advisory Board. Statement 3 is correct. Article 22(4) states that no law providing for preventive detention shall authorize the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless an Advisory Board has reported sufficient cause for such detention.