Bhalswa EWS Flats to Finally House Slum Dwellers After Decades

सही उत्तर: D

Statement 1: DUSIB was established to improve and upgrade slums and provide shelter to the urban poor in Delhi, making it correct. Statement 2: DDA is indeed a statutory body created under the Delhi Development Act, 1957, with a broad mandate for planning and development in Delhi, including housing and infrastructure. This statement is correct. Statement 3: The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) (PMAY-U) was launched in 2015 with the objective of 'Housing for All' by 2022, providing pucca houses to all eligible urban households, including slum dwellers. While the target year 2022 has passed and the scheme continues, the objective remains as stated. This statement is correct. Therefore, all statements are correct.

सही उत्तर: A

Statement A is NOT correct. The 'Right to Housing' is not explicitly guaranteed as a fundamental right under Article 21. However, the Supreme Court of India has interpreted the 'Right to Life' (Article 21) to implicitly include the 'Right to Shelter' as a fundamental right necessary for a dignified life. Statement B is correct. Article 41 of the DPSP states this provision, which indirectly supports the idea of state provision for basic needs including housing. Statement C is correct. SDG 11 is indeed focused on sustainable cities and communities, with target 11.1 specifically mentioning 'access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums'. Statement D is correct. Landmark judgments like Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation have affirmed the Right to Shelter as part of Article 21. Therefore, the incorrect statement is A.

सही उत्तर: D

All the listed points are significant and common challenges in the implementation and maintenance of affordable housing projects in urban India. 1. Difficulty in land acquisition and high cost of urban land: This is a primary hurdle, especially in densely populated cities, making projects expensive and slow. 2. Lack of adequate last-mile infrastructure connectivity: Many projects, even after completion, lack essential services like water, sewage, electricity, and public transport, making them uninhabitable or unattractive. 3. Poor community participation and acceptance: Sometimes, beneficiaries are relocated far from their livelihoods or social networks, leading to resistance, lack of ownership, and poor maintenance of the new facilities. 4. Legal hurdles and delays in obtaining necessary clearances and titles: Complex regulatory frameworks, multiple clearances from various agencies, and issues related to land titles often cause significant delays and cost overruns. These challenges were explicitly or implicitly mentioned in the summary (e.g., 'lack of infrastructure, poor maintenance, and legal hurdles'). Therefore, all statements are correct.