CPI Reflects on Marxism-Leninism's Relevance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is incorrect. While M.N. Roy was a key figure in the early communist movement, the Communist Party of India (CPI) was officially founded in Kanpur, India, in 1925. The Tashkent meeting in 1920 led to the formation of the Communist Party of India Abroad, which was a precursor. Statement 2 is correct. Post-independence, especially after the 1950s, the CPI gradually shifted its strategy from revolutionary armed struggle to participating in parliamentary democracy and electoral politics to achieve its goals. Statement 3 is correct. The 1964 split was indeed a result of deep ideological differences, particularly concerning the international Sino-Soviet ideological rift and differing views on the Indian government's policies, with the CPI(M) adopting a more critical stance.

सही उत्तर: D

All three statements correctly reflect challenges AI poses to traditional Marxist analysis. 1. Traditional Marxism, particularly the labor theory of value, emphasizes manual labor as the source of value and surplus value. AI's automation of intellectual and cognitive tasks broadens the scope of 'labor' and challenges how value is created and extracted in an automated economy. 2. The rise of 'data as capital' means that value can be generated and accumulated through data collection, analysis, and algorithmic power, which is not directly analogous to the ownership of factories or land, thus requiring a re-evaluation of 'means of production' and capital accumulation. 3. While Marx focused on class struggle in the context of industrial production, AI introduces new dimensions of power dynamics and potential exploitation through data ownership, algorithmic control, and surveillance, extending the 'struggle' beyond traditional economic spheres to include digital rights and autonomy.

सही उत्तर: A

Statement 1 is correct. AI and automation are widely expected to automate routine and repetitive tasks, potentially displacing workers in those sectors, while simultaneously creating demand for new skills related to AI development, data science, and human-AI collaboration. Statement 2 is correct. UBI, a periodic cash payment unconditionally delivered to all citizens, is a frequently discussed policy intervention to address potential mass unemployment and income inequality arising from advanced automation and AI. Statement 3 is incorrect. While AI can significantly boost productivity, it does not universally or automatically lead to a more equitable distribution of wealth. Concerns exist that AI could exacerbate existing inequalities by concentrating wealth and power in the hands of those who own or control AI technologies, leading to a 'winner-take-all' economy. Equitable distribution requires deliberate policy interventions, not just productivity growth.