Andhra Pradesh Allows Ayurvedic Doctors to Perform Select Surgeries

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Central government's 2020 notification, issued by the Central Council of Indian Medicine (now NCISM), specifically allowed postgraduate Ayurvedic practitioners (MS Ayurveda in Shalya Tantra and Shalakya Tantra) to perform certain surgical procedures, not all BAMS graduates. Statement 2 is correct. Shalya Tantra is the surgical branch of Ayurveda, and Shalakya Tantra deals with diseases of the head and neck, including ophthalmology and ENT. Statement 3 is correct. The National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) replaced the Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) as the apex regulatory body for education and practice of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Sowa-Rigpa systems of medicine.

सही उत्तर: B

Statement I is incorrect. 'Public Health and Sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries' is indeed a State List subject (Entry 6). However, 'Medical education' and 'Standards of education' are Concurrent List subjects (Entry 25), and 'Regulation of professional and technical training' is also Concurrent (Entry 25). The broader health policy and integration aspects often involve both Centre and State. But specifically, 'Public Health and Sanitation' is in the State List. The statement says 'exclusively', which is generally true for the core subject, but the overall health domain has concurrent aspects. However, the intent of the question is to check the primary listing. The statement is correct that it falls under the State List. Let me re-evaluate. 'Public Health and Sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries' is Entry 6 of the State List. So, it falls under the State List. The word 'exclusively' might be tricky if one considers the broader health domain, but for the specific entry, it is correct. Let's re-check the options and other statements. Re-evaluation for Statement I: While 'Public Health and Sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries' is indeed in the State List (Entry 6), the Union government also plays a significant role in public health through national policies, funding, and schemes (e.g., National Health Mission). The word 'exclusively' makes it problematic as the Centre also legislates and implements policies related to public health. Therefore, Statement I is incorrect in its absolute sense. Statement II is correct. A major rationale cited for integrating AYUSH practitioners, particularly in surgical roles, is to bridge the healthcare access gap, especially in underserved rural areas where modern medical doctors are scarce. Statement III is correct. 'Mixopathy' is a widely used term in the debate to express concerns about the blurring of lines between different medical systems without proper scientific validation, standardized training, and regulatory clarity, potentially leading to patient safety issues. Therefore, the correct statements are II and III.

सही उत्तर: A

1. Ayurveda is based on the 'Tridosha theory' (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), which are three fundamental energies or principles governing the body's functions. So, 1-C. 2. Unani medicine, originating from ancient Greek medicine, is based on the 'Humoral theory' (Akhlat), which posits that the body is composed of four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. So, 2-A. 3. Siddha medicine is one of the oldest traditional medical systems, primarily practiced in Tamil Nadu, and is considered to be of 'Dravidian origin'. It focuses on 'Muppini' (Vatham, Pitham, Kappam), similar to Tridosha but with its own distinct principles. So, 3-D. 4. Homoeopathy, developed by Samuel Hahnemann, is based on the principle of 'similia similibus curentur' or 'like cures like', meaning a substance that causes symptoms in a healthy person can be used to treat similar symptoms in a sick person. So, 4-B.