Meghalaya Mandates Khasi, Garo Languages in Primary Education for Cultural Preservation

सही उत्तर: C

Statement 1 is correct. Article 350A specifically states that 'It shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups'. While the Meghalaya policy applies broadly, the constitutional backing for mother tongue instruction at primary level is strong. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Eighth Schedule lists recognized languages, but a state mandating a language for primary education is primarily a state legislative/executive decision within its domain (education is on the Concurrent List, but primary education medium is largely state's prerogative), not directly tied to the Eighth Schedule for its legality. The Eighth Schedule primarily concerns official recognition and promotion by the Union, not a prerequisite for state-level primary education mandates. Statement 3 is correct. NEP 2020 indeed emphasizes mother tongue instruction up to Grade 5 and preferably beyond, aligning with the Meghalaya government's move. Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

सही उत्तर: A

Statement 1 is correct. The Chairperson and members of an SHRC are appointed by the Governor on the recommendation of a committee consisting of the Chief Minister (chairperson), Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, State Home Minister, and Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly. Statement 2 is correct. As per the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (as amended), the Chairperson of an SHRC shall be a person who has been a Chief Justice of a High Court. Statement 3 is incorrect. Section 21(5) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, states that an SHRC shall not inquire into any matter after the expiry of one year from the date on which the act constituting violation of human rights is alleged to have been committed. Also, an SHRC generally cannot inquire into matters already being inquired into by the NHRC or a state commission (e.g., State Women's Commission, State Minorities Commission) if the scope overlaps, to avoid duplication and jurisdictional conflicts. The Act aims for a clear division of labor and non-duplication of efforts between NHRC and SHRCs. Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

सही उत्तर: D

Statement A is correct. SSA was indeed launched in 2001 with the aim of universalizing elementary education. Statement B is correct. The RTE Act, 2009, made elementary education a fundamental right, and SSA played a crucial role in achieving its objectives. Statement C is correct. Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, launched in 2018-19, is an integrated scheme for school education from pre-school to senior secondary levels, subsuming SSA, RMSA, and TE. Statement D is NOT correct. The funding pattern for Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was a shared responsibility between the Central and State Governments. Initially, it was 85:15 for the Centre and States, which later changed to 65:35 (90:10 for North-Eastern States and Himalayan States). It was never entirely borne by the Central Government. Therefore, statement D is the incorrect one.

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is correct. The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) is indeed implemented by the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Statement 2 is correct. India has made significant progress under NACP. According to NACO, India has successfully reversed the HIV epidemic, with a decline in new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths over the past decade. This is a widely acknowledged achievement. Statement 3 is incorrect. NACP adopts a comprehensive approach that includes not only prevention strategies (e.g., awareness, condom promotion, harm reduction for injecting drug users) but also provides treatment, care, and support services for people living with HIV (PLHIV), including free antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are correct.