Three-Language Formula क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
8 points- 1.
For Hindi-speaking states: Students are expected to study Hindi (as their mother tongue/regional language), English, and one modern Indian language (preferably a South Indian language) from the Eighth Schedule.
- 2.
For non-Hindi-speaking states: Students are expected to study their regional language (as their mother tongue), English, and Hindi.
- 3.
Aims to promote linguistic harmony and facilitate communication across different linguistic groups in India.
- 4.
Seeks to ensure that students attain proficiency in at least two Indian languages (including their mother tongue) and English.
- 5.
Intended to address concerns of non-Hindi speakers regarding the imposition of Hindi while also promoting Hindi as a link language.
- 6.
Implementation has been varied and often challenging across states due to issues like lack of resources, scarcity of qualified teachers for specific languages, and political will.
- 7.
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 reiterates the importance of the three-language formula but emphasizes flexibility and choice, stating that no language will be imposed on any state.
- 8.
It is a voluntary policy for states, and its adoption and implementation vary significantly across different state education boards and central schools like KVs.
दृश्य सामग्री
Evolution of the Three-Language Formula in India
This timeline traces the historical development and reaffirmation of the Three-Language Formula, a key policy aimed at promoting multilingualism and national integration in India.
The Three-Language Formula emerged from post-independence debates and controversies over official languages, particularly the anti-Hindi agitations. It aimed to strike a balance between promoting Hindi as a link language, preserving regional languages, and ensuring English proficiency, thereby fostering linguistic harmony and national unity.
- 1964-66Kothari Commission (Education Commission) proposes the Three-Language Formula to address language issues and promote national integration.
- 1968National Policy on Education (NPE) formally adopts the Three-Language Formula.
- 1986National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986 reaffirms the Three-Language Formula.
- 2020National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 reiterates the importance of the formula, emphasizing flexibility, choice, and mother tongue instruction up to Grade 5.
- 2024Kendriya Vidyalayas face challenges in expanding regional language education, with only ~16% offering it, highlighting implementation gaps in the Three-Language Formula. (Current News)
Three-Language Formula: Structure for Hindi vs. Non-Hindi Speaking States
This table clearly outlines the prescribed structure of the Three-Language Formula for Hindi-speaking and non-Hindi-speaking states, highlighting its intent to promote linguistic balance and national integration.
| Category of State | First Language | Second Language | Third Language |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi-Speaking States | Hindi (as mother tongue/regional language) | English | A modern Indian language (preferably a South Indian language from the Eighth Schedule) |
| Non-Hindi-Speaking States | Regional Language (as mother tongue) | English | Hindi |
हालिया विकास
5 विकासNEP 2020 re-emphasizes the formula, promoting multilingualism and the power of language in education, with a focus on teaching in mother tongue/local language up to at least Grade 5.
Ongoing debates regarding the practical implementation, especially the choice of the third language and the availability of teachers for diverse regional languages.
Challenges faced by central institutions like Kendriya Vidyalayas in fully implementing the formula, particularly in providing instruction in all regional languages.
Some states have adopted modified versions or faced difficulties in full implementation, leading to uneven outcomes across the country.
Increased focus on digital tools and resources to support multilingual education.