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खान और खनिज (विकास और विनियमन) संशोधन अधिनियम, 2023

खान और खनिज (विकास और विनियमन) संशोधन अधिनियम, 2023 क्या है?

यह खान और खनिज (विकास और विनियमन) संशोधन अधिनियम, 2023 भारत की संसद द्वारा पारित एक कानून है जो भारत में खनन पट्टों (mining leases) को देने और प्रबंधित करने के तरीके में महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव लाता है। इसका मुख्य उद्देश्य प्रक्रिया को सरल बनाना, निजी क्षेत्र की भागीदारी को बढ़ावा देना और देश के खनिज संसाधनों के सतत विकास को सुनिश्चित करना है। यह पट्टों को देने में होने वाली देरी जैसी समस्याओं को दूर करने, पारदर्शिता को बढ़ावा देने और महत्वपूर्ण खनिजों के खनन को आसान बनाने का प्रयास करता है जो भारत के आर्थिक विकास और आत्मनिर्भरता के लिए आवश्यक हैं, खासकर स्वच्छ ऊर्जा और उन्नत प्रौद्योगिकी जैसे क्षेत्रों में। यह संशोधन संसाधन के दोहन की आवश्यकता को पर्यावरण संरक्षण और सामुदायिक कल्याण के साथ संतुलित करना चाहता है।

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India Auctions 19 Critical Mineral Blocks to Boost Self-Reliance Amid Global Disruptions

23 March 2026

19 महत्वपूर्ण खनिज ब्लॉकों की नीलामी की खबर खान और खनिज (विकास और विनियमन) संशोधन अधिनियम, 2023 के मुख्य उद्देश्यों को स्पष्ट रूप से उजागर करती है। यह घटना स्वच्छ ऊर्जा और उन्नत प्रौद्योगिकियों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण खनिजों के घरेलू खनन को बढ़ावा देने में अधिनियम के व्यावहारिक कार्यान्वयन को दर्शाती है, जो सीधे आयात निर्भरता और वैश्विक आपूर्ति श्रृंखला की कमजोरियों की समस्या का समाधान करती है। संशोधन की एक प्रमुख विशेषता, नीलामी तंत्र का उपयोग निजी निवेश को आकर्षित करने और पारदर्शिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए किया जा रहा है। यह पहल रणनीतिक क्षेत्रों में 'आत्मनिर्भर भारत' प्राप्त करने के लिए MMDR अधिनियम संशोधनों का लाभ उठाने के सरकार के रणनीतिक इरादे को रेखांकित करती है। इस संशोधन को समझना महत्वपूर्ण है कि भारत अपने संसाधन भविष्य को कैसे सुरक्षित करने और खनिज आयात से जुड़े भू-राजनीतिक जोखिमों को कम करने की कोशिश कर रहा है, जो आर्थिक और रणनीतिक नीति चर्चाओं में एक प्रमुख विषय है।

Feature	MMDR Act, 1957 (Original/Pre-2023 Amendments)	MMDR Amendment Act, 2023
Primary Focus	Regulation of mining, ensuring orderly development of minerals.	Streamlining mining leases, promoting critical mineral exploration, enhancing ease of doing business.
Grant of Leases	Primarily discretionary, later introduced 'first-come, first-served' for some.	Mandatory auction for critical and strategic minerals; streamlined transfer of leases.
Transfer of Mining Leases	Highly restricted, required extensive government approval.	Facilitated transfer through a simplified application process, subject to conditions.
Critical Minerals	Not specifically defined or prioritized.	Explicit definition and provisions for auctioning blocks of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt).
Composite License	Separate licenses for prospecting and mining.	Introduced provision for composite license combining prospecting and mining.
Deep-seated Minerals	Limited focus on exploration of deep-seated deposits.	Encourages exploration of deep-seated minerals.
Government Company Reservation	General provisions for government control.	Specific provision to reserve blocks for mining by government companies for strategic reasons.
Lease Renewal	Provisions existed but often complex.	Provisions for renewal of mining leases for certain minerals, providing stability.
Objective	Control and regulation of mineral resources.	Attract investment, speed up exploration and production, ensure supply of critical minerals, enhance national self-reliance.
Exam Relevance	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Resource Management)	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Industrial Policy, National Security)

Feature	MMDR Act, 1957 (Original/Pre-2023 Amendments)	MMDR Amendment Act, 2023
Primary Focus	Regulation of mining, ensuring orderly development of minerals.	Streamlining mining leases, promoting critical mineral exploration, enhancing ease of doing business.
Grant of Leases	Primarily discretionary, later introduced 'first-come, first-served' for some.	Mandatory auction for critical and strategic minerals; streamlined transfer of leases.
Transfer of Mining Leases	Highly restricted, required extensive government approval.	Facilitated transfer through a simplified application process, subject to conditions.
Critical Minerals	Not specifically defined or prioritized.	Explicit definition and provisions for auctioning blocks of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt).
Composite License	Separate licenses for prospecting and mining.	Introduced provision for composite license combining prospecting and mining.
Deep-seated Minerals	Limited focus on exploration of deep-seated deposits.	Encourages exploration of deep-seated minerals.
Government Company Reservation	General provisions for government control.	Specific provision to reserve blocks for mining by government companies for strategic reasons.
Lease Renewal	Provisions existed but often complex.	Provisions for renewal of mining leases for certain minerals, providing stability.
Objective	Control and regulation of mineral resources.	Attract investment, speed up exploration and production, ensure supply of critical minerals, enhance national self-reliance.
Exam Relevance	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Resource Management)	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Industrial Policy, National Security)

Feature	MMDR Act, 1957 (Original/Pre-2023 Amendments)	MMDR Amendment Act, 2023
Primary Focus	Regulation of mining, ensuring orderly development of minerals.	Streamlining mining leases, promoting critical mineral exploration, enhancing ease of doing business.
Grant of Leases	Primarily discretionary, later introduced 'first-come, first-served' for some.	Mandatory auction for critical and strategic minerals; streamlined transfer of leases.
Transfer of Mining Leases	Highly restricted, required extensive government approval.	Facilitated transfer through a simplified application process, subject to conditions.
Critical Minerals	Not specifically defined or prioritized.	Explicit definition and provisions for auctioning blocks of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt).
Composite License	Separate licenses for prospecting and mining.	Introduced provision for composite license combining prospecting and mining.
Deep-seated Minerals	Limited focus on exploration of deep-seated deposits.	Encourages exploration of deep-seated minerals.
Government Company Reservation	General provisions for government control.	Specific provision to reserve blocks for mining by government companies for strategic reasons.
Lease Renewal	Provisions existed but often complex.	Provisions for renewal of mining leases for certain minerals, providing stability.
Objective	Control and regulation of mineral resources.	Attract investment, speed up exploration and production, ensure supply of critical minerals, enhance national self-reliance.
Exam Relevance	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Resource Management)	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Industrial Policy, National Security)

Feature	MMDR Act, 1957 (Original/Pre-2023 Amendments)	MMDR Amendment Act, 2023
Primary Focus	Regulation of mining, ensuring orderly development of minerals.	Streamlining mining leases, promoting critical mineral exploration, enhancing ease of doing business.
Grant of Leases	Primarily discretionary, later introduced 'first-come, first-served' for some.	Mandatory auction for critical and strategic minerals; streamlined transfer of leases.
Transfer of Mining Leases	Highly restricted, required extensive government approval.	Facilitated transfer through a simplified application process, subject to conditions.
Critical Minerals	Not specifically defined or prioritized.	Explicit definition and provisions for auctioning blocks of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt).
Composite License	Separate licenses for prospecting and mining.	Introduced provision for composite license combining prospecting and mining.
Deep-seated Minerals	Limited focus on exploration of deep-seated deposits.	Encourages exploration of deep-seated minerals.
Government Company Reservation	General provisions for government control.	Specific provision to reserve blocks for mining by government companies for strategic reasons.
Lease Renewal	Provisions existed but often complex.	Provisions for renewal of mining leases for certain minerals, providing stability.
Objective	Control and regulation of mineral resources.	Attract investment, speed up exploration and production, ensure supply of critical minerals, enhance national self-reliance.
Exam Relevance	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Resource Management)	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Industrial Policy, National Security)

Feature	MMDR Act, 1957 (Original/Pre-2023 Amendments)	MMDR Amendment Act, 2023
Primary Focus	Regulation of mining, ensuring orderly development of minerals.	Streamlining mining leases, promoting critical mineral exploration, enhancing ease of doing business.
Grant of Leases	Primarily discretionary, later introduced 'first-come, first-served' for some.	Mandatory auction for critical and strategic minerals; streamlined transfer of leases.
Transfer of Mining Leases	Highly restricted, required extensive government approval.	Facilitated transfer through a simplified application process, subject to conditions.
Critical Minerals	Not specifically defined or prioritized.	Explicit definition and provisions for auctioning blocks of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt).
Composite License	Separate licenses for prospecting and mining.	Introduced provision for composite license combining prospecting and mining.
Deep-seated Minerals	Limited focus on exploration of deep-seated deposits.	Encourages exploration of deep-seated minerals.
Government Company Reservation	General provisions for government control.	Specific provision to reserve blocks for mining by government companies for strategic reasons.
Lease Renewal	Provisions existed but often complex.	Provisions for renewal of mining leases for certain minerals, providing stability.
Objective	Control and regulation of mineral resources.	Attract investment, speed up exploration and production, ensure supply of critical minerals, enhance national self-reliance.
Exam Relevance	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Resource Management)	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Industrial Policy, National Security)

Feature

MMDR Act, 1957 (Original/Pre-2023 Amendments)

MMDR Amendment Act, 2023

Primary Focus

Regulation of mining, ensuring orderly development of minerals.

Streamlining mining leases, promoting critical mineral exploration, enhancing ease of doing business.

Grant of Leases

Primarily discretionary, later introduced 'first-come, first-served' for some.

Mandatory auction for critical and strategic minerals; streamlined transfer of leases.

Transfer of Mining Leases

Highly restricted, required extensive government approval.

Facilitated transfer through a simplified application process, subject to conditions.

Critical Minerals

Not specifically defined or prioritized.

Explicit definition and provisions for auctioning blocks of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt).

Composite License

Separate licenses for prospecting and mining.

Introduced provision for composite license combining prospecting and mining.

Deep-seated Minerals

Limited focus on exploration of deep-seated deposits.

Encourages exploration of deep-seated minerals.

Government Company Reservation

General provisions for government control.

Specific provision to reserve blocks for mining by government companies for strategic reasons.

Lease Renewal

Provisions existed but often complex.

Provisions for renewal of mining leases for certain minerals, providing stability.

Objective

Control and regulation of mineral resources.

Attract investment, speed up exploration and production, ensure supply of critical minerals, enhance national self-reliance.

Exam Relevance

GS Paper 3 (Economy, Resource Management)

GS Paper 3 (Economy, Industrial Policy, National Security)

Feature	MMDR Act, 1957 (Original/Pre-2023 Amendments)	MMDR Amendment Act, 2023
Primary Focus	Regulation of mining, ensuring orderly development of minerals.	Streamlining mining leases, promoting critical mineral exploration, enhancing ease of doing business.
Grant of Leases	Primarily discretionary, later introduced 'first-come, first-served' for some.	Mandatory auction for critical and strategic minerals; streamlined transfer of leases.
Transfer of Mining Leases	Highly restricted, required extensive government approval.	Facilitated transfer through a simplified application process, subject to conditions.
Critical Minerals	Not specifically defined or prioritized.	Explicit definition and provisions for auctioning blocks of critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt).
Composite License	Separate licenses for prospecting and mining.	Introduced provision for composite license combining prospecting and mining.
Deep-seated Minerals	Limited focus on exploration of deep-seated deposits.	Encourages exploration of deep-seated minerals.
Government Company Reservation	General provisions for government control.	Specific provision to reserve blocks for mining by government companies for strategic reasons.
Lease Renewal	Provisions existed but often complex.	Provisions for renewal of mining leases for certain minerals, providing stability.
Objective	Control and regulation of mineral resources.	Attract investment, speed up exploration and production, ensure supply of critical minerals, enhance national self-reliance.
Exam Relevance	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Resource Management)	GS Paper 3 (Economy, Industrial Policy, National Security)