Hung Parliament क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
13 points- 1.
The core characteristic of a hung parliament is the absence of a single party or pre-election coalition holding a majority of seats. For example, if a parliament has 543 seats, a party needs at least 272 seats to form a government on its own. If no party reaches this threshold, it's a hung parliament.
- 2.
A hung parliament necessitates coalition negotiations. Parties must negotiate with each other to form a coalition government that can command a majority in the legislature. These negotiations often involve compromises on policy positions and ministerial portfolios. For instance, in 2010 in the UK, the Conservative Party had to negotiate with the Liberal Democrats to form a coalition government.
- 3.
Minority governments are another possible outcome of a hung parliament. In this scenario, the largest party forms a government but relies on the support of other parties on a case-by-case basis to pass legislation. This can lead to unstable governance, as the government is constantly vulnerable to votes of no confidence. An example is the Canadian government under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, which has often operated as a minority government.
दृश्य सामग्री
Historical Instances of Hung Parliaments
Timeline showing instances of hung parliaments in the UK and India, highlighting the political instability and coalition negotiations that followed.
त्रिशंकु संसदों ने ऐतिहासिक रूप से राजनीतिक अस्थिरता और गठबंधन सरकारों को जन्म दिया है, जिसके लिए जटिल वार्ताओं और समझौतों की आवश्यकता होती है।
- 1974यूके आम चुनाव के परिणामस्वरूप त्रिशंकु संसद, जिसके कारण अल्पसंख्यक लेबर सरकार बनी।
- 1989भारतीय आम चुनाव के परिणामस्वरूप वी.पी. सिंह के नेतृत्व में गठबंधन सरकार बनी।
- 1996भारतीय आम चुनाव के परिणामस्वरूप त्रिशंकु संसद, जिसके कारण अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी के नेतृत्व में अल्पकालिक सरकार बनी।
- 2010यूके आम चुनाव के परिणामस्वरूप त्रिशंकु संसद; कंज़र्वेटिव-लिबरल डेमोक्रेट गठबंधन का गठन।
- 2014भारतीय आम चुनाव के परिणामस्वरूप भाजपा के लिए एकल-पार्टी बहुमत, गठबंधन सरकारों के युग का अंत।
- 2018कर्नाटक विधानसभा चुनाव के परिणामस्वरूप त्रिशंकु विधानसभा, जिसके कारण जटिल गठबंधन वार्ता हुई।
- 2019महाराष्ट्र विधानसभा चुनाव के परिणामस्वरूप त्रिशंकु विधानसभा, जिसके कारण राष्ट्रपति शासन की अवधि हुई।
वास्तविक दुनिया के उदाहरण
1 उदाहरणयह अवधारणा 1 वास्तविक उदाहरणों में दिखाई दी है अवधि: Mar 2026 से Mar 2026
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सामान्य प्रश्न
61. In a hung parliament scenario, the President/Governor has discretionary powers. What is the MOST common MCQ trap regarding these powers, and how can I avoid it?
The most common trap is assuming the President/Governor *must* invite the single largest party to form the government first. While this is often the convention, it's NOT a constitutional mandate. The President/Governor can assess the post-election scenario and invite any leader who, in their judgment, is most likely to command a majority. They might consider pre-poll alliances, post-poll coalitions, or even an individual who can demonstrate support through letters from other parties. The key is 'likely to command a majority,' not simply 'largest party'.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember: 'Likely to command majority' is the KEY phrase. Don't automatically assume 'single largest party' is always the correct answer in an MCQ.
2. What's the one-line distinction between a 'Hung Parliament' and a 'Coalition Government' for statement-based MCQs?
A Hung Parliament is the *situation* after an election where no single party has a majority, while a Coalition Government is one *possible outcome* *formed after* a hung parliament through agreements between multiple parties.