कार्यपालिका की विधायिका के प्रति जवाबदेही क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
12 points- 1.
प्वाइंट 1: प्रश्नकाल संसद सदस्यों (सांसदों) को सरकार की नीतियों और कार्यों के बारे में मंत्रियों से सवाल पूछने की अनुमति देता है। यह संसदीय सत्रों के दौरान एक दैनिक कार्यक्रम है।
- 2.
प्वाइंट 2: शून्यकाल सांसदों को बिना पूर्व सूचना के तत्काल सार्वजनिक महत्व के मामलों को उठाने का अवसर प्रदान करता है। यह प्रश्नकाल के बाद होता है।
- 3.
प्वाइंट 3: संसदीय समितियाँ, जैसे लोक लेखा समिति और प्राक्कलन समिति, सरकार के खर्च और नीतियों की जांच करती हैं। ये समितियाँ वित्तीय जवाबदेही में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती हैं।
- 4.
प्वाइंट 4: अविश्वास प्रस्ताव विपक्ष द्वारा लाया जा सकता है यदि उनका मानना है कि सरकार ने लोकसभा का विश्वास खो दिया है। पारित होने पर, सरकार को इस्तीफा देना होगा।
- 5.
प्वाइंट 5: स्थगन प्रस्ताव किसी निश्चित तत्काल सार्वजनिक महत्व के मामले पर चर्चा करने के लिए लाया जा सकता है। यह सामान्य संसदीय कामकाज को बाधित करता है।
- 6.
प्वाइंट 6: निंदा प्रस्ताव सरकार की नीतियों या कार्यों के प्रति औपचारिक अस्वीकृति की अभिव्यक्ति है। इससे सरकार का इस्तीफा जरूरी नहीं है।
- 7.
प्वाइंट 7: बजटीय प्रक्रिया में संसद द्वारा सरकार के खर्च प्रस्तावों की विस्तृत जांच शामिल है। इसमें बहस, समिति की समीक्षा और अनुदान की मांगों पर मतदान शामिल है।
- 8.
प्वाइंट 8: राष्ट्रपति के अभिभाषण पर धन्यवाद प्रस्ताव संसद को सरकार की नीतियों और कार्यक्रमों पर चर्चा और बहस करने का अवसर प्रदान करता है।
- 9.
प्वाइंट 9: संविधान का अनुच्छेद 75(3) कहता है कि मंत्रिपरिषद सामूहिक रूप से लोकसभा के प्रति उत्तरदायी है।
- 10.
प्वाइंट 10: मंत्री व्यक्तिगत रूप से अपने विभागों के कार्यों के लिए जिम्मेदार होते हैं। उन्हें किसी भी गलत काम या लापरवाही के लिए जवाबदेह ठहराया जा सकता है।
- 11.
प्वाइंट 11: विधायिका कार्यपालिका की शक्तियों और कार्यों को विनियमित करने के लिए कानून पारित कर सकती है, यह सुनिश्चित करते हुए कि यह संविधान की सीमाओं के भीतर काम करे।
- 12.
प्वाइंट 12: अदालतों द्वारा न्यायिक समीक्षा कार्यपालिका के कार्यों पर एक जांच के रूप में कार्य करती है, यह सुनिश्चित करती है कि वे संवैधानिक और वैध हैं।
हालिया विकास
7 विकासIncreased disruptions in Parliament have led to reduced time for debate and scrutiny of government actions (2020-2024).
The use of ordinances has been criticized for bypassing parliamentary scrutiny (2023).
Debates on key legislations are often curtailed, limiting the opportunity for thorough discussion (2022-2024).
The role and effectiveness of parliamentary committees are being debated, with concerns about their ability to hold the executive accountable (2024).
The Supreme Court has intervened in several cases to ensure executive accountability, particularly in matters of corruption and abuse of power (2023).
Growing concerns about the independence and impartiality of some parliamentary institutions (2024).
Increased public awareness and scrutiny of government actions through social media and citizen journalism (2024).
विभिन्न समाचारों में यह अवधारणा
1 विषयसामान्य प्रश्न
121. What is Executive Accountability to Legislature and what is its constitutional basis?
Executive Accountability to Legislature means that the executive branch (government) is responsible to the legislative branch (Parliament or state assemblies). It ensures the government's actions are scrutinized and controlled by elected representatives. The constitutional basis lies in articles like Article 75, which deals with the collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember Article 75 relates to the collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers to the Lok Sabha.
2. What are the key provisions that ensure Executive Accountability to Legislature?
Key provisions include Question Hour, Zero Hour, Parliamentary Committees, No-Confidence Motion, and Adjournment Motion. These mechanisms allow the legislature to scrutinize and control the executive's actions.
- •Question Hour: MPs ask questions to ministers.
- •Zero Hour: MPs raise urgent matters.
- •Parliamentary Committees: Scrutinize government spending.
- •No-Confidence Motion: Can lead to the government's resignation.
- •Adjournment Motion: Discusses urgent public matters.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on understanding the purpose and procedure of each provision for effective answer writing.
3. How does Executive Accountability to Legislature work in practice?
In practice, the legislature uses mechanisms like Question Hour to extract information from the executive. Parliamentary committees examine government policies and spending. A No-Confidence Motion can be used to remove a government that has lost the confidence of the house. However, disruptions and curtailed debates can hinder effective accountability.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Relate the theoretical provisions to real-world scenarios to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding.
4. What are the limitations of Executive Accountability to Legislature?
Limitations include disruptions in Parliament, which reduce time for scrutiny. The use of ordinances bypasses parliamentary debate. Curtailment of debates on key legislations limits thorough discussion. These factors can weaken the effectiveness of executive accountability.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Analyze the impact of recent developments, such as increased disruptions, on the effectiveness of accountability mechanisms.
5. What is the significance of Executive Accountability to Legislature in Indian democracy?
It ensures that the executive branch does not become authoritarian and remains responsive to the needs and aspirations of the people. It upholds the principles of parliamentary democracy by ensuring that the government is accountable to the elected representatives.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Connect the concept to the broader principles of democracy, such as separation of powers and checks and balances.
6. What are the challenges in the implementation of Executive Accountability to Legislature?
Challenges include disruptions in Parliament, the use of ordinances to bypass parliamentary scrutiny, and the curtailment of debates on key legislations. These factors reduce the effectiveness of parliamentary oversight.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Consider the role of political dynamics and the behavior of both the ruling and opposition parties in affecting accountability.
7. What reforms have been suggested for improving Executive Accountability to Legislature?
Suggested reforms often focus on reducing disruptions in Parliament, ensuring more time for debate and scrutiny of legislation, and limiting the use of ordinances. Strengthening the role and resources of parliamentary committees is also often suggested.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Research the recommendations of various committees and experts on parliamentary reforms.
8. What are the important articles related to Executive Accountability to Legislature?
Important articles include Article 75 (Collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers), Article 112 (Budget), and Article 113 (Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates).
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on understanding the specific aspects of executive accountability that each article addresses.
9. How has Executive Accountability to Legislature evolved over time?
The concept evolved from the struggle between the monarchy and Parliament in England. The Magna Carta (1215) limited the king's power. The Government of India Act, 1919, introduced a limited form of responsible government in India.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Trace the historical milestones that led to the establishment of executive accountability in both the UK and India.
10. What are frequently asked aspects of Executive Accountability to Legislature in UPSC?
Frequently asked aspects include the mechanisms of accountability (Question Hour, etc.), the role of Parliamentary Committees, and the challenges to maintaining accountability in the face of disruptions and other issues.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Prepare examples of how each mechanism has been used in recent years to hold the executive accountable.
11. How does India's Executive Accountability to Legislature compare with other countries?
India follows a parliamentary system similar to the UK, where the executive is drawn from and accountable to the legislature. However, the effectiveness of accountability can vary due to differences in parliamentary procedures, political culture, and the strength of institutions.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Compare and contrast the mechanisms of accountability in different parliamentary democracies.
12. What are common misconceptions about Executive Accountability to Legislature?
A common misconception is that accountability only involves removing a government through a No-Confidence Motion. In reality, it encompasses a wide range of mechanisms for ongoing scrutiny and oversight.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Emphasize the importance of continuous oversight and scrutiny, not just dramatic events like no-confidence motions.