संविधान का अनुच्छेद 75 क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
12 points- 1.
प्वाइंट 1: राष्ट्रपति प्रधानमंत्री को नियुक्त करते हैं। अन्य मंत्रियों को राष्ट्रपति प्रधानमंत्री की सलाह पर नियुक्त करते हैं।
- 2.
प्वाइंट 2: मंत्रिपरिषद सामूहिक रूप से लोकसभा के प्रति जवाबदेह होती है। इसका मतलब है कि उन्हें लोकसभा के अधिकांश सदस्यों का विश्वास बनाए रखना होगा।
- 3.
प्वाइंट 3: मंत्री राष्ट्रपति की मर्जी तक पद पर बने रहते हैं। इसका मतलब है कि राष्ट्रपति किसी मंत्री को हटा सकते हैं, लेकिन आमतौर पर ऐसा प्रधानमंत्री की सलाह पर ही करते हैं।
- 4.
प्वाइंट 4: प्रधानमंत्री सहित मंत्रियों की कुल संख्या लोकसभा के सदस्यों की कुल संख्या का 15% से अधिक नहीं होनी चाहिए।
- 5.
प्वाइंट 5: संसद के किसी भी सदन का सदस्य मंत्री के रूप में नियुक्त किया जा सकता है। यदि किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति को मंत्री नियुक्त किया जाता है जो किसी भी सदन का सदस्य नहीं है, तो उसे छह महीने के भीतर किसी भी सदन का सदस्य बनना होगा।
- 6.
प्वाइंट 6: मंत्रियों के वेतन और भत्ते संसद द्वारा निर्धारित किए जाते हैं।
- 7.
प्वाइंट 7: प्रधानमंत्री मंत्रिपरिषद के प्रमुख होते हैं और सरकार के कामकाज में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं।
- 8.
प्वाइंट 8: अनुच्छेद 75 सामूहिक जिम्मेदारी के सिद्धांत को सुनिश्चित करता है, जो संसदीय प्रणाली की आधारशिला है।
- 9.
प्वाइंट 9: राष्ट्रपति मंत्रियों को पद और गोपनीयता की शपथ दिलाते हैं।
- 10.
प्वाइंट 10: 2003 के 91वें संशोधन अधिनियम ने अनुच्छेद 75 में खंड (1ए) जोड़ा, जिससे मंत्रिपरिषद के आकार को सीमित कर दिया गया।
- 11.
प्वाइंट 11: अनुच्छेद 75, अनुच्छेद 74 से संबंधित है, जिसमें कहा गया है कि राष्ट्रपति को सहायता और सलाह देने के लिए प्रधानमंत्री के नेतृत्व में एक मंत्रिपरिषद होगी।
- 12.
प्वाइंट 12: यदि लोकसभा मंत्रिपरिषद के खिलाफ अविश्वास प्रस्ताव पारित करती है, तो प्रधानमंत्री सहित पूरे मंत्रिपरिषद को इस्तीफा देना होगा।
दृश्य सामग्री
Evolution of Article 75
Timeline showing the historical background and key amendments to Article 75 of the Indian Constitution.
अनुच्छेद 75 पूर्व-स्वतंत्रता शासन संरचनाओं से विकसित होकर विधायिका के प्रति कार्यपालिका की जवाबदेही सुनिश्चित करता है।
- 1935भारत सरकार अधिनियम अनुच्छेद 75 के मसौदे को प्रभावित करता है।
- 1950अनुच्छेद 75 मूल संविधान में शामिल किया गया।
- 200391वें संशोधन अधिनियम ने मंत्रिपरिषद के आकार को लोकसभा की ताकत का 15% तक सीमित कर दिया।
- 2023राज्यपाल की भूमिका के बारे में चर्चा जब किसी भी दल को स्पष्ट बहुमत नहीं है।
- 2024सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने राष्ट्रपति के विवेक के संबंध में अनुच्छेद 75 के प्रावधानों की व्याख्या की।
- 2026सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने विधानसभा सीट के बिना मुख्यमंत्री पर कानून स्पष्ट किया (मंत्रिस्तरीय नियुक्तियों से संबंधित)
हालिया विकास
7 विकासIn 2023, there were discussions about the role of the Governor in appointing the Chief Minister when no party has a clear majority.
Debates continue on the effectiveness of the 15% limit on the size of the Council of Ministers. Some argue it restricts the Prime Minister's flexibility.
The Supreme Court has, on several occasions, interpreted the provisions of Article 75, particularly regarding the President's discretion.
There are ongoing discussions about the need for a code of conduct for ministers to ensure transparency and accountability.
The issue of ministers holding office without being members of Parliament or a state legislature for extended periods has been raised in public discourse.
Recent Supreme Court judgments have emphasized the importance of collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers to the Lok Sabha.
The appointment of ministers with criminal backgrounds remains a concern, and there are calls for stricter criteria for ministerial appointments.
विभिन्न समाचारों में यह अवधारणा
1 विषयसामान्य प्रश्न
121. What is Article 75 of the Constitution and its constitutional basis?
Article 75 of the Indian Constitution deals with the appointment, tenure, responsibilities, qualifications, and removal of the Prime Minister and other ministers. It ensures that the executive branch is accountable to the legislature, drawing inspiration from the British parliamentary system.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember that Article 75 is the foundation for ministerial accountability in India.
2. What are the key provisions of Article 75?
The key provisions of Article 75 include:
- •The President appoints the Prime Minister; other ministers are appointed by the President on the Prime Minister's advice.
- •The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
- •Ministers hold office during the pleasure of the President.
- •The total number of ministers, including the Prime Minister, shall not exceed 15% of the total number of members of the Lok Sabha.
- •A member of either House of Parliament can be appointed as a minister. If not a member, they must become a member within six months.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on the 15% rule and the collective responsibility aspect for the exam.
3. How does Article 75 work in practice?
In practice, Article 75 means that after a general election, the President invites the leader of the party with a majority in the Lok Sabha to become the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister then advises the President on who should be appointed as ministers. The Council of Ministers must maintain the confidence of the Lok Sabha to remain in power.
4. What is the significance of Article 75 in Indian democracy?
Article 75 is significant because it establishes the principle of parliamentary democracy where the executive (Council of Ministers) is accountable to the legislature (Lok Sabha). It ensures that the government has the confidence of the elected representatives of the people.
5. What are the challenges in the implementation of Article 75?
One challenge is ensuring effective collective responsibility. Sometimes, ministers may not fully agree with government policies, but they are still expected to publicly support them. Another challenge is the potential for instability if the government loses the confidence of the Lok Sabha.
6. What reforms have been suggested for Article 75?
Some experts suggest clarifying the grounds on which the President can remove a minister to prevent arbitrary actions. There are ongoing debates on the effectiveness of the 15% limit on the size of the Council of Ministers, with some arguing it restricts the Prime Minister's flexibility.
7. What are the important articles related to Article 75?
Important related articles include Article 74 (Council of Ministers to aid and advise President) and Article 164 (deals with ministers in states). The 91st Amendment Act, 2003 is also relevant as it introduced the 15% limit on the size of the Council of Ministers.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember to link Article 75 with Article 74 and the 91st Amendment Act.
8. What is the difference between Article 75 and Article 164?
Article 75 deals with the appointment, tenure, responsibilities, qualifications, and removal of the Prime Minister and other ministers at the Union (Central) level. Article 164 deals with similar provisions for the Chief Minister and other ministers at the State level.
9. How has Article 75 evolved over time?
The most significant evolution was the introduction of the 15% limit on the size of the Council of Ministers through the 91st Amendment Act, 2003. This was done to reduce the size of cabinets and prevent political defections.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember the 91st Amendment Act, 2003, and its significance in limiting the size of the Council of Ministers.
10. What are common misconceptions about Article 75?
A common misconception is that the President has absolute discretion in appointing ministers. In reality, the President is bound by the advice of the Prime Minister in most cases.
11. How does India's Article 75 compare with other countries?
Like many parliamentary democracies, India follows the principle of the executive being responsible to the legislature. The specific provisions, such as the 15% limit on the size of the Council of Ministers, may vary from country to country.
12. What are frequently asked aspects of Article 75 in UPSC?
Frequently asked aspects include the appointment process of the Prime Minister, the collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers, the President's powers concerning ministers, and the 15% limit on the size of the Council of Ministers. Understand the relationship between Article 75 and the concept of parliamentary democracy.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on the powers of the President and the concept of collective responsibility. Also, remember the 15% rule.