महानगरीय क्षेत्र क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
10 points- 1.
उच्च जनसंख्या घनत्व, आर्थिक गतिविधि और बुनियादी ढांचे द्वारा विशेषता
- 2.
एक मुख्य शहर और उसके आसपास के उपनगरों और सैटेलाइट शहरों को शामिल करता है
- 3.
केंद्र और परिधि के बीच महत्वपूर्ण आवागमन पैटर्न का अनुभव करता है
- 4.
परिवहन, आवास और उपयोगिताओं के लिए एकीकृत योजना की आवश्यकता है
- 5.
प्रदूषण, भीड़भाड़ और असमानता से संबंधित चुनौतियों का सामना करता है
- 6.
अक्सर सेवाओं का समन्वय करने के लिए एक महानगरीय प्राधिकरण या निगम द्वारा शासित होता है
- 7.
जनसंख्या आकार, आर्थिक संबंध और प्रशासनिक सीमाओं जैसे मानदंडों के आधार पर परिभाषित किया गया है
- 8.
भारत में उदाहरणों में दिल्ली एनसीआर, मुंबई महानगर क्षेत्र और चेन्नई महानगर क्षेत्र शामिल हैं
- 9.
भारत की जनगणना महानगरीय क्षेत्रों में जनसंख्या और शहरीकरण पर डेटा प्रदान करती है
- 10.
महानगरीय क्षेत्रों में सतत विकास समग्र आर्थिक विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है
हालिया विकास
5 विकासGrowing focus on sustainable urban development in metropolitan areas
Increasing use of technology for smart city initiatives
Efforts to improve public transportation and reduce congestion
Challenges related to affordable housing and urban poverty
Emphasis on integrated planning for infrastructure development
सामान्य प्रश्न
61. What is a Metropolitan Area, and what are its key characteristics relevant for the UPSC exam?
A Metropolitan Area is a densely populated urban core and its surrounding areas that are socio-economically linked. Key characteristics include high population density, significant economic activity, developed infrastructure, a core city with surrounding suburbs and satellite towns, and significant commuting patterns. For UPSC, understanding these characteristics is crucial for questions related to urban planning, economic development, and governance.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember the key characteristics: population density, economic activity, infrastructure, core city with suburbs, and commuting patterns. These are often the basis for UPSC questions.
2. How does a Metropolitan Area function in practice, and what challenges does it typically face?
In practice, a Metropolitan Area functions as an integrated economic and social unit. People live in the suburbs and commute to the core city for work, education, and services. Challenges typically include pollution, traffic congestion, inequality, and the need for integrated planning for transportation, housing, and utilities.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Consider the practical aspects of daily life in a metropolitan area when answering questions. Think about commuting, access to services, and environmental issues.
3. What are the legal frameworks associated with Metropolitan Areas in India, and what is the significance of the Delhi Metropolitan Council Act?
The legal frameworks include state laws related to urban planning and development, acts establishing metropolitan authorities (e.g., Delhi Metropolitan Council Act), and relevant provisions in the Constitution of India regarding local governance. The Delhi Metropolitan Council Act is significant as it provides a structure for governance and planning in the Delhi metropolitan area.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on the state laws and specific acts related to metropolitan authorities. Understanding the Delhi Metropolitan Council Act can be helpful for case studies.
4. What are the recent developments in Metropolitan Areas, and how do these developments align with sustainable urban development goals?
Recent developments include a growing focus on sustainable urban development, increasing use of technology for smart city initiatives, and efforts to improve public transportation and reduce congestion. These developments align with sustainable urban development goals by aiming to create more livable, environmentally friendly, and economically viable urban areas.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Connect recent developments to broader themes like sustainability, technology, and urban planning. This will help you answer questions on current affairs related to metropolitan areas.
5. What are the challenges in the implementation of integrated planning in Metropolitan Areas, and what reforms have been suggested to address these challenges?
Challenges in implementation include coordination issues between different government agencies, funding constraints, and conflicting priorities. Suggested reforms include establishing strong metropolitan authorities with clear mandates, ensuring adequate funding for infrastructure projects, and promoting public participation in the planning process.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on the practical challenges and potential solutions. Think about governance, funding, and public participation.
6. What is the significance of Metropolitan Areas in the Indian economy?
Metropolitan Areas are significant because they are centers of economic activity, innovation, and employment. They contribute significantly to India's GDP and attract investment. They also serve as hubs for education, healthcare, and cultural activities.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember that metropolitan areas are economic engines. Focus on their role in GDP, employment, and investment.