This mind map elucidates Phytosanitary Standards as a critical aspect of international trade, covering their definition, underlying principles, international framework, and impact on market access.
This mind map elucidates Phytosanitary Standards as a critical aspect of international trade, covering their definition, underlying principles, international framework, and impact on market access.
Protect Plant Health
Protect Animal & Human Health
Prevent Spread of Pests/Diseases
Science-Based Justification
Non-Discrimination
Harmonization & Equivalence
Transparency (Notification to WTO)
WTO SPS Agreement (1995)
IPPC (Plant Protection)
Codex Alimentarius (Food Safety)
OIE (Animal Health)
Market Access Challenge (e.g., for India)
Facilitates Safe Trade
Key in FTA Negotiations
Protect Plant Health
Protect Animal & Human Health
Prevent Spread of Pests/Diseases
Science-Based Justification
Non-Discrimination
Harmonization & Equivalence
Transparency (Notification to WTO)
WTO SPS Agreement (1995)
IPPC (Plant Protection)
Codex Alimentarius (Food Safety)
OIE (Animal Health)
Market Access Challenge (e.g., for India)
Facilitates Safe Trade
Key in FTA Negotiations
Measures must be science-based and applied only to the extent necessary to protect life or health.
Requirement for risk assessment to justify the measures.
Principle of non-discrimination: standards should not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between countries where identical or similar conditions prevail.
Encouragement of harmonization with international standards set by bodies like the Codex Alimentarius Commission (food safety), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) (animal health), and the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) (plant health).
Provisions for transparency, including notification of new or changed measures to the WTO.
Concept of equivalence, where different measures can be accepted if they achieve the same level of protection.
Can include quarantine requirements, inspection procedures, testing methods, and certification requirements.
Aims to facilitate safe trade while preventing the spread of diseases and pests.
This mind map elucidates Phytosanitary Standards as a critical aspect of international trade, covering their definition, underlying principles, international framework, and impact on market access.
Phytosanitary Standards (SPS)
Measures must be science-based and applied only to the extent necessary to protect life or health.
Requirement for risk assessment to justify the measures.
Principle of non-discrimination: standards should not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between countries where identical or similar conditions prevail.
Encouragement of harmonization with international standards set by bodies like the Codex Alimentarius Commission (food safety), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) (animal health), and the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) (plant health).
Provisions for transparency, including notification of new or changed measures to the WTO.
Concept of equivalence, where different measures can be accepted if they achieve the same level of protection.
Can include quarantine requirements, inspection procedures, testing methods, and certification requirements.
Aims to facilitate safe trade while preventing the spread of diseases and pests.
This mind map elucidates Phytosanitary Standards as a critical aspect of international trade, covering their definition, underlying principles, international framework, and impact on market access.
Phytosanitary Standards (SPS)
