Air Pollution / Environmental Governance क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
10 points- 1.
Major air pollutants include Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), and Lead.
- 2.
Primary sources of air pollution in urban areas are vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, power plants, construction dust, waste burning, and stubble burning in agricultural regions.
- 3.
Health impacts include respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer, leading to significant public health burdens.
- 4.
Environmental impacts include acid rain, smog formation, damage to vegetation, and contribution to climate change.
- 5.
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) are the primary regulatory bodies responsible for monitoring air quality and enforcing environmental laws.
- 6.
The National Green Tribunal (NGT), established in 2010, provides for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation.
- 7.
Government initiatives include the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), which aims for a 20-30% reduction in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations by 2024.
- 8.
The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is an emergency measure implemented in Delhi-NCR to combat severe air pollution episodes.
- 9.
Constitutional provisions like Article 48A (Protection and improvement of environment) and Article 51A(g) (Fundamental duty to protect and improve the natural environment) underscore the state's and citizens' responsibility.
- 10.
Implementation of stricter Bharat Stage (BS) emission norms for vehicles (e.g., BS-VI since 2020) to reduce vehicular pollution.
दृश्य सामग्री
Air Pollution & Environmental Governance in India: Causes, Impacts & Solutions
This mind map provides a holistic view of air pollution in India, covering its major causes, severe impacts, the regulatory framework in place, and various government initiatives aimed at mitigation and control, along with constitutional backing.
Air Pollution & Environmental Governance
- ●Major Pollutants
- ●Primary Sources
- ●Impacts
- ●Regulatory Framework
- ●Government Initiatives & Solutions
- ●Constitutional Basis
हालिया विकास
6 विकासPersistent high air pollution levels in Delhi-NCR, leading to frequent implementation of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP).
Increased focus on promoting electric vehicles (EVs) and expanding public transport networks to reduce vehicular emissions.
Ongoing efforts and debates regarding effective solutions for stubble burning and crop residue management in agricultural states surrounding Delhi.
Enhanced monitoring and public dissemination of air quality data through the Air Quality Index (AQI).
Establishment of the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) for NCR and adjoining areas to coordinate efforts across multiple states.
Government push for cleaner industrial technologies and stricter emission standards.