Fiscal Federalism / Centre-State Financial Relations क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
9 points- 1.
Division of Taxing Powers: Articles 268-281 delineate the power to levy taxes (Union List, State List, Concurrent List) based on the Seventh Schedule.
- 2.
Revenue Sharing: Taxes collected by the Centre are shared with states (e.g., income tax, corporation tax, GST) based on Finance Commission recommendations.
- 3.
Grants-in-Aid: Article 275 (statutory grants) and Article 282 (discretionary grants) allow the Centre to provide financial assistance to states.
- 4.
Finance Commission: Article 280 mandates the President to constitute a Finance Commission every five years to recommend the distribution of net proceeds of taxes and principles governing grants-in-aid.
- 5.
Borrowing Powers: Article 292 (Centre) and Article 293 (States) define borrowing limits. States require Centre's consent for borrowing if they owe money to the Centre.
- 6.
GST Council: Article 279A establishes the GST Council for making recommendations on Goods and Services Tax, a major indirect tax, fostering cooperative federalism.
- 7.
Expenditure Responsibilities: States are primarily responsible for subjects in the State List (e.g., public order, health, agriculture), while the Centre handles Union List subjects (e.g., defense, railways).
- 8.
Centrally Sponsored Schemes: Schemes funded by the Centre but implemented by states, often with a state share, requiring financial coordination.
- 9.
Vertical and Horizontal Devolution: Vertical devolution refers to the sharing of resources between the Centre and states, while horizontal devolution refers to the distribution among states based on criteria like population, area, and fiscal capacity.
दृश्य सामग्री
Fiscal Federalism in India: Structure & Dynamics
This mind map provides a comprehensive overview of Fiscal Federalism in India, detailing the division of financial powers, revenue sources, expenditure responsibilities, and the mechanisms for inter-governmental transfers, along with key institutions and challenges.
Fiscal Federalism in India
- ●Revenue Sources
- ●Expenditure Responsibilities
- ●Transfer Mechanisms
- ●Key Institutions
- ●Challenges
Centre-State Taxation Powers (Seventh Schedule)
This table provides a clear comparison of the exclusive taxation powers allocated to the Union and State governments under the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution, crucial for understanding fiscal federalism.
| Taxation Power | Union List (Article 246) | State List (Article 246) |
|---|---|---|
| Income Tax (excluding agricultural income) | Yes | No |
| Corporate Tax | Yes | No |
| Customs Duty | Yes | No |
| Central Goods & Services Tax (CGST) | Yes | No |
| Union Excise Duties (on certain goods) | Yes | No |
| Land Revenue | No | Yes |
| State Excise Duties (on alcoholic liquors, opium, etc.) | No | Yes |
| State Goods & Services Tax (SGST) | No | Yes |
| Taxes on Agricultural Income | No | Yes |
| Taxes on Professions, Trades, Callings, and Employments | No | Yes |
| Taxes on Lands and Buildings (Property Tax) | No | Yes |
| Taxes on Vehicles | No | Yes |
हालिया विकास
5 विकासGST Implementation: Transformed indirect tax structure, impacting state revenues and requiring new mechanisms for compensation.
Abolition of Planning Commission: Shifted focus from plan/non-plan expenditure to revenue/capital expenditure, enhancing the role of the Finance Commission.
Increased Devolution: Recent Finance Commissions have recommended higher shares of central taxes to states (e.g., 14th FC recommended 42%, 15th FC recommended 41%).
COVID-19 Impact: Highlighted fiscal stress on states and the need for central support and borrowing flexibility.
Emphasis on Capital Expenditure: Centre encouraging states to increase capital expenditure through incentives and special assistance.