Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
9 points- 1.
Greenhouse Effect: Natural process where certain atmospheric gases trap heat, warming the Earth. Human activities (burning fossil fuels, deforestation) enhance this, leading to global warming.
- 2.
Global Warming: The long-term heating of Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere.
- 3.
Impacts of Climate Change: Includes rising global temperatures, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and changes in precipitation patterns.
- 4.
Extreme Weather Events: Increased frequency and intensity of events such as heatwaves, droughts, heavy rainfall, floods, tropical cyclones, and wildfires.
- 5.
Mitigation: Actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., renewable energy, energy efficiency, carbon sequestration).
- 6.
Adaptation: Strategies to cope with the unavoidable impacts of climate change (e.g., resilient infrastructure, early warning systems, climate-smart agriculture).
- 7.
Climate Justice: The concept that climate change disproportionately affects vulnerable populations and that solutions must address these inequities.
- 8.
International Agreements: Key agreements include the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Paris Agreement (2015), aiming to limit global warming.
- 9.
Loss and Damage: A concept in climate policy referring to the unavoidable impacts of climate change that cannot be adapted to, requiring financial support for affected developing nations.
दृश्य सामग्री
Evolution of Climate Change Science & Policy (19th Century - 2026)
This timeline traces key milestones in the scientific understanding of climate change and the development of international and national policy responses, leading up to recent events.
The understanding of climate change has evolved from early scientific observations to complex global policy frameworks. India has been an active participant, developing its own national plans and contributing to international efforts, while simultaneously facing increasing impacts of extreme weather events.
- 1824Joseph Fourier describes the 'greenhouse effect'.
- 1896Svante Arrhenius links CO2 to global warming.
- 1958Keeling Curve begins measuring atmospheric CO2.
- 1988Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established.
- 1992United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted.
- 1997Kyoto Protocol adopted (entered into force 2005).
- 2008India's National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) launched.
- 2015Paris Agreement adopted (entered into force 2016).
- 2021India updates Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), targets Net-Zero by 2070.
- 2022Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) launched by India.
- 2023-24Strong El Niño event influences global weather patterns.
- 2025India records 5th driest December in 124 years (climate anomaly).
- 2026Continued focus on IPCC AR7 preparations, climate finance, and adaptation strategies.
Climate Change: Causes, Impacts & Responses
This mind map illustrates the interconnected aspects of climate change, from its drivers to its consequences and the strategies for mitigation and adaptation, with a focus on UPSC relevance.
Climate Change
- ●Causes
- ●Impacts (Extreme Weather Events)
- ●Mitigation Strategies
- ●Adaptation Strategies
- ●Policy & Governance
हालिया विकास
5 विकासIPCC Assessment Reports (AR6) providing updated scientific consensus on climate change and its impacts.
Global push for 'Net Zero' emission targets by mid-century.
Increased focus on climate finance for developing countries, including the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund at COP28.
India's updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, aiming for ambitious emission reduction targets.
Growing recognition of the link between climate change, biodiversity loss, and disaster risk.