This timeline traces key milestones in the scientific understanding of climate change and the development of international and national policy responses, leading up to recent events.
This mind map illustrates the interconnected aspects of climate change, from its drivers to its consequences and the strategies for mitigation and adaptation, with a focus on UPSC relevance.
This timeline traces key milestones in the scientific understanding of climate change and the development of international and national policy responses, leading up to recent events.
This mind map illustrates the interconnected aspects of climate change, from its drivers to its consequences and the strategies for mitigation and adaptation, with a focus on UPSC relevance.
Joseph Fourier describes the 'greenhouse effect'.
Svante Arrhenius links CO2 to global warming.
Keeling Curve begins measuring atmospheric CO2.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted.
Kyoto Protocol adopted (entered into force 2005).
India's National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) launched.
Paris Agreement adopted (entered into force 2016).
India updates Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), targets Net-Zero by 2070.
Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) launched by India.
Strong El Niño event influences global weather patterns.
India records 5th driest December in 124 years (climate anomaly).
Continued focus on IPCC AR7 preparations, climate finance, and adaptation strategies.
GHG Emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O)
Deforestation & Land Use Change
Reduced Agricultural Productivity (e.g., Rabi Crops)
Water Scarcity & Security
Biodiversity Loss & Ecosystem Degradation
Transition to Renewable Energy
Carbon Sequestration (Forestry, CCS)
Drought-Resistant Crop Varieties
Early Warning Systems (IMD's role)
UNFCCC & Paris Agreement
India's NAPCC & NDCs
Joseph Fourier describes the 'greenhouse effect'.
Svante Arrhenius links CO2 to global warming.
Keeling Curve begins measuring atmospheric CO2.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted.
Kyoto Protocol adopted (entered into force 2005).
India's National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) launched.
Paris Agreement adopted (entered into force 2016).
India updates Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), targets Net-Zero by 2070.
Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) launched by India.
Strong El Niño event influences global weather patterns.
India records 5th driest December in 124 years (climate anomaly).
Continued focus on IPCC AR7 preparations, climate finance, and adaptation strategies.
GHG Emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O)
Deforestation & Land Use Change
Reduced Agricultural Productivity (e.g., Rabi Crops)
Water Scarcity & Security
Biodiversity Loss & Ecosystem Degradation
Transition to Renewable Energy
Carbon Sequestration (Forestry, CCS)
Drought-Resistant Crop Varieties
Early Warning Systems (IMD's role)
UNFCCC & Paris Agreement
India's NAPCC & NDCs
Greenhouse Effect: Natural process where certain atmospheric gases trap heat, warming the Earth. Human activities (burning fossil fuels, deforestation) enhance this, leading to global warming.
Global Warming: The long-term heating of Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere.
Impacts of Climate Change: Includes rising global temperatures, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and changes in precipitation patterns.
Extreme Weather Events: Increased frequency and intensity of events such as heatwaves, droughts, heavy rainfall, floods, tropical cyclones, and wildfires.
Mitigation: Actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., renewable energy, energy efficiency, carbon sequestration).
Adaptation: Strategies to cope with the unavoidable impacts of climate change (e.g., resilient infrastructure, early warning systems, climate-smart agriculture).
Climate Justice: The concept that climate change disproportionately affects vulnerable populations and that solutions must address these inequities.
International Agreements: Key agreements include the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Paris Agreement (2015), aiming to limit global warming.
Loss and Damage: A concept in climate policy referring to the unavoidable impacts of climate change that cannot be adapted to, requiring financial support for affected developing nations.
This timeline traces key milestones in the scientific understanding of climate change and the development of international and national policy responses, leading up to recent events.
The understanding of climate change has evolved from early scientific observations to complex global policy frameworks. India has been an active participant, developing its own national plans and contributing to international efforts, while simultaneously facing increasing impacts of extreme weather events.
This mind map illustrates the interconnected aspects of climate change, from its drivers to its consequences and the strategies for mitigation and adaptation, with a focus on UPSC relevance.
Climate Change
Greenhouse Effect: Natural process where certain atmospheric gases trap heat, warming the Earth. Human activities (burning fossil fuels, deforestation) enhance this, leading to global warming.
Global Warming: The long-term heating of Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere.
Impacts of Climate Change: Includes rising global temperatures, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and changes in precipitation patterns.
Extreme Weather Events: Increased frequency and intensity of events such as heatwaves, droughts, heavy rainfall, floods, tropical cyclones, and wildfires.
Mitigation: Actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., renewable energy, energy efficiency, carbon sequestration).
Adaptation: Strategies to cope with the unavoidable impacts of climate change (e.g., resilient infrastructure, early warning systems, climate-smart agriculture).
Climate Justice: The concept that climate change disproportionately affects vulnerable populations and that solutions must address these inequities.
International Agreements: Key agreements include the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Paris Agreement (2015), aiming to limit global warming.
Loss and Damage: A concept in climate policy referring to the unavoidable impacts of climate change that cannot be adapted to, requiring financial support for affected developing nations.
This timeline traces key milestones in the scientific understanding of climate change and the development of international and national policy responses, leading up to recent events.
The understanding of climate change has evolved from early scientific observations to complex global policy frameworks. India has been an active participant, developing its own national plans and contributing to international efforts, while simultaneously facing increasing impacts of extreme weather events.
This mind map illustrates the interconnected aspects of climate change, from its drivers to its consequences and the strategies for mitigation and adaptation, with a focus on UPSC relevance.
Climate Change
