What is community-based conservation (CBC)?
Historical Background
Key Points
12 points- 1.
The cornerstone of CBC is local participation. This means that community members are actively involved in all stages of conservation, from planning and implementation to monitoring and evaluation. For example, in many African countries, local communities are involved in managing wildlife conservancies, where they receive a share of the tourism revenue generated by wildlife viewing.
- 2.
Devolution of authority is often a key element. Governments may grant local communities the legal right to manage natural resources within their traditional territories. This can include rights to harvest timber, graze livestock, or collect non-timber forest products, provided that these activities are carried out sustainably. For instance, in some parts of India, forest management is devolved to village-level committees under the Joint Forest Management (JFM) program.
- 3.
CBC emphasizes benefit sharing. Conservation efforts should generate tangible benefits for local communities, such as income, employment, improved access to resources, or enhanced social services. This helps to create a positive feedback loop, where communities are more likely to support conservation if they see direct benefits from it. A good example is eco-tourism projects in Nepal's Annapurna region, where local communities benefit from tourism revenue generated by trekking and wildlife viewing.
Visual Insights
Community-Based Conservation (CBC) Framework
Key elements and principles of Community-Based Conservation, linking to relevant UPSC topics.
Community-Based Conservation (CBC)
- ●Core Principles
- ●Key Strategies
- ●Challenges
- ●Legal Framework
Evolution of Community-Based Conservation
Key milestones in the development of Community-Based Conservation as a conservation strategy.
Traditional conservation models often excluded local communities, leading to resentment and undermining conservation efforts. CBC emerged as a more inclusive and sustainable approach.
- 1980sRise of CBC as a response to top-down conservation failures
- 1990sIUCN promotes CBC as a key strategy
- 2022Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework emphasizes community participation
- 2023
Recent Real-World Examples
1 examplesIllustrated in 1 real-world examples from Feb 2026 to Feb 2026
