Article 141 states that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.

The term 'law declared' refers to the principles laid down by the Supreme Court that form the basis of its decision. This includes the ratio decidendi the reasoning or principle on which a court decision is based.

The binding nature of the Supreme Court's decisions applies to all courts, including High Courts, district courts, and other subordinate courts.

Obiter dicta statements made in a court opinion that are not essential to the decision and are not binding precedent, while persuasive, are not strictly binding under Article 141.

The Supreme Court can overrule its own previous decisions. This power allows the court to adapt to changing social and economic conditions.

A larger bench of the Supreme Court can overrule a smaller bench. For example, a bench of five judges can overrule a bench of three judges.

Article 141 ensures uniformity and consistency in the application of law across the country.

The article helps to avoid conflicting interpretations of laws by different courts.

The principle of *stare decisis* the legal principle of following precedents established in previous court decisions is closely related to Article 141. It means 'to stand by things decided'.

Article 141 applies only to the 'law declared' by the Supreme Court, not to findings of fact.

The Supreme Court's decisions are binding even if they are based on a misinterpretation of law, until they are overruled.

The binding precedent applies prospectively (from the date of the judgment) unless the Supreme Court specifies otherwise.

Article 141 states that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.

The term 'law declared' refers to the principles laid down by the Supreme Court that form the basis of its decision. This includes the ratio decidendi the reasoning or principle on which a court decision is based.

The binding nature of the Supreme Court's decisions applies to all courts, including High Courts, district courts, and other subordinate courts.

Obiter dicta statements made in a court opinion that are not essential to the decision and are not binding precedent, while persuasive, are not strictly binding under Article 141.

The Supreme Court can overrule its own previous decisions. This power allows the court to adapt to changing social and economic conditions.

A larger bench of the Supreme Court can overrule a smaller bench. For example, a bench of five judges can overrule a bench of three judges.

Article 141 ensures uniformity and consistency in the application of law across the country.

The article helps to avoid conflicting interpretations of laws by different courts.

The principle of *stare decisis* the legal principle of following precedents established in previous court decisions is closely related to Article 141. It means 'to stand by things decided'.

Article 141 applies only to the 'law declared' by the Supreme Court, not to findings of fact.

The Supreme Court's decisions are binding even if they are based on a misinterpretation of law, until they are overruled.

The binding precedent applies prospectively (from the date of the judgment) unless the Supreme Court specifies otherwise.