What is universal social security schemes?
Historical Background
Key Points
8 points- 1.
Universal social security schemes typically include components like universal healthcare, basic income support, and old-age pensions.
- 2.
They aim to reduce poverty, inequality, and vulnerability.
- 3.
Financing can be through general taxation, social insurance contributions, or a combination of both.
- 4.
Key challenges include affordability, administrative capacity, and political feasibility.
- 5.
Examples of universal social security schemes include the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK and the universal basic income (UBI) experiments in some countries.
Visual Insights
Social Security Schemes: Targeted vs. Universal
Comparison of targeted and universal social security schemes.
| Feature | Targeted Schemes | Universal Schemes |
|---|---|---|
| Coverage | Specific groups (e.g., BPL families) | All citizens |
| Eligibility | Based on income, caste, etc. | No eligibility criteria |
| Examples | Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), MGNREGA | Universal Basic Income (UBI), National Health Service (NHS) |
| Advantages | Efficient resource allocation, reduces leakage | Reduces exclusion errors, promotes social cohesion |
| Disadvantages | Exclusion errors, stigmatization | High cost, potential for misuse |
Source Topic
Trade Unions Criticize Budget for Neglecting Unemployment and Social Security
EconomyUPSC Relevance
Frequently Asked Questions
61. What is the definition of universal social security schemes and what is its constitutional basis in India?
Universal social security schemes aim to provide a basic level of social protection to all citizens, regardless of their employment status or income level. The goal is to ensure everyone has access to essential services and a minimum standard of living. As per the concept data, the Constitution of India (Directive Principles of State Policy) provides the framework for social and economic justice.
2. What are the key provisions typically included in universal social security schemes?
Universal social security schemes typically include:
- •Universal healthcare
- •Basic income support
- •Old-age pensions
- •The schemes aim to reduce poverty, inequality, and vulnerability.