What is CBI?
Historical Background
Key Points
8 points- 1.
The CBI investigates cases related to corruption, economic offences, and special crimes.
- 2.
It can take up cases suo moto (on its own) or based on references from the Central Government or the Supreme Court or High Courts.
- 3.
The CBI is headed by a Director.
- 4.
It functions under the administrative control of the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), which is part of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
Visual Insights
Evolution and Key Milestones of CBI
This timeline illustrates the historical journey of the Central Bureau of Investigation, from its origins as the Special Police Establishment to its current role, highlighting key events and challenges.
The CBI's journey reflects India's evolving approach to tackling corruption and serious crime, balancing the need for a central investigative agency with concerns about its autonomy and federal structure.
- 1941Special Police Establishment (SPE) set up by British Indian government to investigate war-related procurement corruption.
- 1946DSPE Act enacted, providing legal framework for SPE's operations, which CBI still uses.
- 1963Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) established based on Santhanam Committee recommendations, expanding its mandate beyond corruption.
- 2013Supreme Court famously described CBI as a 'caged parrot', highlighting concerns about its autonomy and political influence.
- 2020-2025Several states (e.g., Punjab, West Bengal) withdrew 'general consent' to CBI, requiring specific permission for each new case.
- March 2026High Court orders CBI probe into alleged corpse torture and faulty police investigations in Ferozepur, underscoring judiciary's trust in CBI for impartial probes.
Recent Real-World Examples
2 examplesIllustrated in 2 real-world examples from Feb 2026 to Mar 2026
Source Topic
High Court Orders CBI Probe into Alleged Corpse Torture and Faulty Police Investigations
Polity & GovernanceUPSC Relevance
Frequently Asked Questions
121. What is the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and what types of cases does it handle?
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is India's primary investigating police agency. It investigates major criminal cases at the national level, including corruption, economic crimes, and special crimes.
2. What is the historical background of the CBI?
The CBI was originally established as the Special Police Establishment in 1941. It was renamed the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in 1963. Initially, it was created to investigate bribery and corruption in the government, but its role has expanded over time.
3. Under which ministry does the CBI function?
The CBI functions under the administrative control of the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), which is part of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
