This timeline traces the journey of Article 370, from its incorporation into the Indian Constitution to its abrogation and the subsequent Supreme Court validation, providing a comprehensive historical context.
Maharaja Hari Singh signs Instrument of Accession with India.
Article 370 incorporated into the Indian Constitution as a 'temporary provision'.
Presidential Order of 1954 extends many provisions of the Indian Constitution to J&K.
J&K Constitution amended to replace 'Sadar-i-Riyasat' with 'Governor'.
Presidential Order C.O. 272 issued, declaring Article 370 inoperative. J&K Reorganisation Act passed.
J&K Reorganisation Act comes into effect, J&K and Ladakh become UTs.
Supreme Court upholds the abrogation of Article 370, calls it a temporary provision.
J&K continues as a UT with an elected government, statehood demand persists.
This timeline traces the journey of Article 370, from its incorporation into the Indian Constitution to its abrogation and the subsequent Supreme Court validation, providing a comprehensive historical context.
Maharaja Hari Singh signs Instrument of Accession with India.
Article 370 incorporated into the Indian Constitution as a 'temporary provision'.
Presidential Order of 1954 extends many provisions of the Indian Constitution to J&K.
J&K Constitution amended to replace 'Sadar-i-Riyasat' with 'Governor'.
Presidential Order C.O. 272 issued, declaring Article 370 inoperative. J&K Reorganisation Act passed.
J&K Reorganisation Act comes into effect, J&K and Ladakh become UTs.
Supreme Court upholds the abrogation of Article 370, calls it a temporary provision.
J&K continues as a UT with an elected government, statehood demand persists.
This flowchart simplifies the complex legal and constitutional steps involved in the abrogation of Article 370, as carried out by the Indian government in August 2019.
Modified Article 367 (Interpretation Clause)
"Constituent Assembly of the State" replaced with "Legislative Assembly of the State"
During President's Rule, "Legislative Assembly" powers vested in Parliament, "Governor" acts on Centre's behalf
Governor of J&K (on behalf of Centre) recommends abrogation of Article 370(3)
Parliament passes resolution approving President's recommendation
Presidential Order C.O. 273 issued, declaring Article 370 inoperative
Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 passed by Parliament
This flowchart simplifies the complex legal and constitutional steps involved in the abrogation of Article 370, as carried out by the Indian government in August 2019.
Modified Article 367 (Interpretation Clause)
"Constituent Assembly of the State" replaced with "Legislative Assembly of the State"
During President's Rule, "Legislative Assembly" powers vested in Parliament, "Governor" acts on Centre's behalf
Governor of J&K (on behalf of Centre) recommends abrogation of Article 370(3)
Parliament passes resolution approving President's recommendation
Presidential Order C.O. 273 issued, declaring Article 370 inoperative
Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 passed by Parliament
Article 370(1) stated that provisions of Article 238(which dealt with states in Part B of the First Schedule, now repealed) would not apply to J&K.
It specified that Parliament's power to make laws for J&K was limited to matters in the Union List and Concurrent List that corresponded to the Instrument of Accession.
Other constitutional provisions could be applied to J&K only with the concurrence of the State Government (for matters outside the Instrument of Accession) or consultation with the State Government (for matters within the Instrument of Accession).
Article 370(3) provided that the President could declare the article inoperative or modify it, but only upon the recommendation of the Constituent Assembly of J&K.
The abrogation was effected on August 5, 2019, through a Presidential Order (C.O. 272), which superseded previous orders and declared Article 370 inoperative.
The Presidential Order used Article 370(1)(d) to apply all provisions of the Indian Constitution to J&K.
It also modified Article 367(Interpretation-clause) to replace "Constituent Assembly of the State" with "Legislative Assembly of the State" and then "Governor of the State," effectively allowing the Governor (representing the Centre during President's Rule) to recommend abrogation.
This was followed by the Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which bifurcated the state.
The abrogation removed J&K's separate constitution, flag, and special laws regarding permanent residency, property ownership, and fundamental rights.
This timeline traces the journey of Article 370, from its incorporation into the Indian Constitution to its abrogation and the subsequent Supreme Court validation, providing a comprehensive historical context.
Article 370 was a unique constitutional provision that defined J&K's relationship with India. Its abrogation in 2019 marked a significant shift, fully integrating the region into the Indian Union. The Supreme Court's verdict in 2023 provided legal finality to this decision, though political demands for statehood continue.
This flowchart simplifies the complex legal and constitutional steps involved in the abrogation of Article 370, as carried out by the Indian government in August 2019.
Article 370(1) stated that provisions of Article 238(which dealt with states in Part B of the First Schedule, now repealed) would not apply to J&K.
It specified that Parliament's power to make laws for J&K was limited to matters in the Union List and Concurrent List that corresponded to the Instrument of Accession.
Other constitutional provisions could be applied to J&K only with the concurrence of the State Government (for matters outside the Instrument of Accession) or consultation with the State Government (for matters within the Instrument of Accession).
Article 370(3) provided that the President could declare the article inoperative or modify it, but only upon the recommendation of the Constituent Assembly of J&K.
The abrogation was effected on August 5, 2019, through a Presidential Order (C.O. 272), which superseded previous orders and declared Article 370 inoperative.
The Presidential Order used Article 370(1)(d) to apply all provisions of the Indian Constitution to J&K.
It also modified Article 367(Interpretation-clause) to replace "Constituent Assembly of the State" with "Legislative Assembly of the State" and then "Governor of the State," effectively allowing the Governor (representing the Centre during President's Rule) to recommend abrogation.
This was followed by the Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which bifurcated the state.
The abrogation removed J&K's separate constitution, flag, and special laws regarding permanent residency, property ownership, and fundamental rights.
This timeline traces the journey of Article 370, from its incorporation into the Indian Constitution to its abrogation and the subsequent Supreme Court validation, providing a comprehensive historical context.
Article 370 was a unique constitutional provision that defined J&K's relationship with India. Its abrogation in 2019 marked a significant shift, fully integrating the region into the Indian Union. The Supreme Court's verdict in 2023 provided legal finality to this decision, though political demands for statehood continue.
This flowchart simplifies the complex legal and constitutional steps involved in the abrogation of Article 370, as carried out by the Indian government in August 2019.
