Tax burden is shiftable; collected from producers/sellers but ultimately borne by consumers.

Examples include GST, Customs Duty, and the remaining Excise Duty on specific products like petroleum and tobacco.

Can be regressive in nature, as they often constitute a higher proportion of income for lower-income groups.

Aims to generate government revenue, influence consumption patterns (e.g., sin taxes on tobacco and alcohol), and protect domestic industries (e.g., customs duty).

Administered by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) at the central level and state tax departments at the state level (for state GST).

The shift to a capacity-based excise duty for tobacco aims for a more efficient and transparent indirect tax regime.

Simplification of tax administration, reduction of tax evasion, and fostering a common national market are key goals of indirect tax reforms.

Contributes significantly to the government's overall tax revenue, especially after the implementation of GST.

Tax burden is shiftable; collected from producers/sellers but ultimately borne by consumers.

Examples include GST, Customs Duty, and the remaining Excise Duty on specific products like petroleum and tobacco.

Can be regressive in nature, as they often constitute a higher proportion of income for lower-income groups.

Aims to generate government revenue, influence consumption patterns (e.g., sin taxes on tobacco and alcohol), and protect domestic industries (e.g., customs duty).

Administered by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) at the central level and state tax departments at the state level (for state GST).

The shift to a capacity-based excise duty for tobacco aims for a more efficient and transparent indirect tax regime.

Simplification of tax administration, reduction of tax evasion, and fostering a common national market are key goals of indirect tax reforms.

Contributes significantly to the government's overall tax revenue, especially after the implementation of GST.