Three-Stage Nuclear Power Program: A long-term plan to use India's thorium reserves. Stage 1 uses Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) fueled by natural uranium. Stage 2 uses Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) fueled by plutonium recycled from Stage 1, also breeding U-233 from thorium. Stage 3 uses Advanced Heavy Water Reactors (AHWRs) fueled by U-233 and thorium.

Current Capacity & Targets: India's current installed nuclear power capacity is approximately 7,480 MW from 23 reactors. The government aims to increase this to 22,480 MW by 2031 through new projects.

Indigenous Development: Strong emphasis on self-reliance in nuclear technology, including fuel cycle, reactor design, and manufacturing.

International Cooperation: Despite sanctions, India has pursued civilian nuclear cooperation, notably the India-US Civil Nuclear Deal (2008), and agreements with Russia, France, and other countries for reactor imports and fuel supply.

Safety and Regulation: Strict adherence to international safety standards and domestic regulatory oversight by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB).

Fuel Cycle Management: Focus on closing the nuclear fuel cycle through reprocessing and waste management technologies.

Exploration of New Technologies: Actively exploring advanced reactor designs like Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs) for enhanced safety, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.

Public Sector Dominance: Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), a public sector undertaking, is the sole entity responsible for nuclear power generation.

Three-Stage Nuclear Power Program: A long-term plan to use India's thorium reserves. Stage 1 uses Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) fueled by natural uranium. Stage 2 uses Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) fueled by plutonium recycled from Stage 1, also breeding U-233 from thorium. Stage 3 uses Advanced Heavy Water Reactors (AHWRs) fueled by U-233 and thorium.

Current Capacity & Targets: India's current installed nuclear power capacity is approximately 7,480 MW from 23 reactors. The government aims to increase this to 22,480 MW by 2031 through new projects.

Indigenous Development: Strong emphasis on self-reliance in nuclear technology, including fuel cycle, reactor design, and manufacturing.

International Cooperation: Despite sanctions, India has pursued civilian nuclear cooperation, notably the India-US Civil Nuclear Deal (2008), and agreements with Russia, France, and other countries for reactor imports and fuel supply.

Safety and Regulation: Strict adherence to international safety standards and domestic regulatory oversight by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB).

Fuel Cycle Management: Focus on closing the nuclear fuel cycle through reprocessing and waste management technologies.

Exploration of New Technologies: Actively exploring advanced reactor designs like Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs) for enhanced safety, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.

Public Sector Dominance: Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), a public sector undertaking, is the sole entity responsible for nuclear power generation.