7 Feb 2026·Source: The Indian Express

3 min

Science & TechnologyPolity & GovernanceNEWS

Agni-3 Nuclear-Capable Ballistic Missile Successfully Test-Fired off Odisha Coast

India successfully test-fired nuclear-capable Agni-3 ballistic missile off the Odisha coast.

Photo by Maciej Ruminkiewicz

India successfully test-fired the Agni-3 nuclear-capable intermediate-range ballistic missile off the coast of Odisha. The missile has a range of 3,000 to 5,000 kilometers. The test was conducted as part of routine user training exercises. The Agni-3 is a two-stage missile and is equipped with advanced high accuracy navigation system.

Key Facts

Agni-3 is a nuclear-capable intermediate-range ballistic missile.

The missile was successfully test-fired off the coast of Odisha.

Agni-3 has a range of 3,000 to 5,000 kilometers.

The test was part of routine user training exercises.

The missile is a two-stage system equipped with advanced high accuracy navigation.

UPSC Exam Angles

GS Paper III: Security - Defense Technology

Connects to India's strategic deterrence policy and nuclear doctrine

Potential for statement-based questions on missile technology and international agreements

Visual Insights

Agni-3 Missile Test Location

Shows the location off the coast of Odisha where the Agni-3 missile was successfully test-fired.

Loading interactive map...

📍Odisha📍Bay of Bengal

More Information

Background

The development of ballistic missiles in India is rooted in the nation's pursuit of enhanced security and technological self-reliance. The Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), initiated in 1983, played a crucial role in this endeavor. This program aimed to develop a range of missiles, including the Agni series, which are critical for India's strategic deterrence. The Agni series represents a significant milestone in India's missile technology. The evolution of the Agni missiles, from Agni-I to Agni-V, showcases advancements in range, accuracy, and payload capacity. These advancements are closely linked to developments in propulsion systems, navigation technologies, and materials science. The development and deployment of these missiles are subject to India's commitment to a credible minimum deterrence and its adherence to international norms and agreements, such as the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). The development and testing of ballistic missiles like Agni-3 are governed by national policies and international obligations. India's commitment to a 'No First Use' policy influences the strategic deployment and operational doctrines associated with these missiles. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is the primary agency responsible for the design, development, and testing of these missile systems, contributing significantly to India's defense capabilities.

Latest Developments

Recent developments in India's missile program include a focus on enhancing the accuracy and reliability of existing systems. There is also an emphasis on developing hypersonic technologies and anti-satellite (ASAT) capabilities. These advancements are driven by the evolving geopolitical landscape and the need to maintain a credible deterrence posture. The successful testing of the Agni-3 missile aligns with these ongoing efforts to strengthen India's strategic capabilities. The ongoing debates surrounding India's missile program often revolve around the balance between technological advancement and adherence to international arms control norms. Concerns are sometimes raised by other nations regarding the potential for escalation in the region. However, India maintains that its missile program is solely for defensive purposes and contributes to regional stability by deterring potential adversaries. Institutions like the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) play a crucial role in articulating India's position on these matters. The future outlook for India's missile program involves continued research and development in areas such as solid-propellant technology, miniaturization of warheads, and improved guidance systems. The goal is to create more versatile and effective missile systems that can address a wide range of threats. The integration of these technologies with other defense systems, such as advanced radar and surveillance capabilities, is also a key priority.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the key facts about Agni-3 that are important for the UPSC Prelims exam?

For the UPSC Prelims, remember that Agni-3 is a nuclear-capable, intermediate-range ballistic missile with a range of 3,000 to 5,000 kilometers. It was successfully test-fired off the coast of Odisha as part of routine user training exercises. It is a two-stage missile equipped with an advanced navigation system.

Exam Tip

Focus on the range and type of missile (ballistic, nuclear-capable) for Prelims MCQs.

2. What is the significance of the Agni-3 missile test in the context of India's nuclear deterrence policy?

The successful test-firing of Agni-3 reinforces India's nuclear deterrence capability. It demonstrates India's commitment to maintaining a credible minimum deterrence, ensuring a robust and reliable nuclear arsenal as part of its national security strategy.

Exam Tip

Relate such tests to India's broader strategic goals and nuclear doctrine for Mains answers.

3. How does the Agni-3 missile fit into the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)?

The Agni series of missiles, including Agni-3, is a key outcome of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), which was initiated in 1983. This program aimed to achieve self-reliance in missile technology and enhance India's strategic defense capabilities. The Agni missiles are critical for India's strategic deterrence.

Exam Tip

Remember IGMDP as the foundation for India's missile development program.

4. Why was the Agni-3 missile test-fired recently?

The Agni-3 missile was test-fired as part of routine user training exercises. These exercises are conducted to ensure the readiness and reliability of the missile systems, as well as to train personnel in their operation and maintenance.

Exam Tip

Note that it was a routine exercise, indicating the maturity of the program.

5. In your opinion, what are the pros and cons of India possessing missiles like Agni-3, especially considering its nuclear capabilities? (For Interview)

Possessing missiles like Agni-3 strengthens India's deterrence posture, signaling its capability to retaliate against potential threats, thus promoting regional stability. However, it can also escalate tensions with neighboring countries and contribute to a regional arms race. The key lies in responsible deployment and adherence to a credible minimum deterrence policy.

Exam Tip

For interviews, balance strategic advantages with potential risks.

6. What are the recent developments related to India's missile program, as highlighted in the provided context?

Recent developments in India's missile program include enhancing the accuracy and reliability of existing systems. There is also an emphasis on developing hypersonic technologies and anti-satellite (ASAT) capabilities. These advancements are driven by the evolving geopolitical landscape and the need to maintain a credible deterrence posture.

Exam Tip

Focus on technological advancements and strategic considerations.

Practice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Agni-3 missile? 1. It is an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). 2. It is a single-stage missile. 3. It is equipped with an advanced high accuracy navigation system.

A.1 and 2 only
B.3 only
C.2 and 3 only
D.1, 2 and 3

Show Answer

Answer: B

Statement 1 is INCORRECT: Agni-3 is an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM), not an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Its range is 3,000 to 5,000 kilometers. Statement 2 is INCORRECT: The Agni-3 is a two-stage missile. Statement 3 is CORRECT: The Agni-3 is equipped with an advanced high accuracy navigation system, as stated in the news summary.

2. The Agni-3 missile was test-fired off the coast of which state in India?

A.Andhra Pradesh
B.Tamil Nadu
C.Odisha
D.West Bengal

Show Answer

Answer: C

The Agni-3 nuclear-capable intermediate-range ballistic missile was successfully test-fired off the coast of Odisha, as stated in the news summary.

3. Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of routine user training exercises involving missiles like Agni-3?

A.To showcase India's military strength to neighboring countries.
B.To validate the operational readiness and reliability of the missile system.
C.To develop new missile technologies for future use.
D.To test the effectiveness of India's air defense systems.

Show Answer

Answer: B

The test was conducted as part of routine user training exercises. These exercises are primarily aimed at validating the operational readiness and reliability of the missile system, ensuring that it functions as intended under various conditions. While the tests may indirectly showcase military strength, the primary purpose is to ensure operational effectiveness.