पूर्ण विश्लेषण
Even as Delhi's air quality deteriorates, unchecked dust particles from construction sites and dug-up roads are choking neighborhoods. Spot checks revealed visible dust pollution near Kartavya Bhavan, Defence Colony flyover, and Palam. The issue of dust pollution was raised with Delhi authorities earlier this month. Under the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016, waste generators must prevent littering and keep construction waste within their premises. Residents report health issues due to dust exposure.
पृष्ठभूमि संदर्भ
The issue of dust pollution in Delhi has deep historical roots, stemming from rapid urbanization, industrial growth, and inadequate environmental regulations. The city's construction boom, particularly after the economic liberalization in the 1990s, led to a surge in construction activities without sufficient mitigation measures. Historically, traditional construction practices lacked dust control mechanisms, exacerbating the problem. The absence of stringent enforcement of environmental laws and a lack of public awareness further contributed to the persistent dust pollution. Early attempts to address air pollution focused primarily on vehicular emissions, often overlooking the significant contribution of dust from construction and demolition activities. The Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016, represent a more recent effort to specifically tackle this source of pollution, but their effective implementation remains a challenge.
वर्तमान विकास
In recent years, there has been increased scrutiny and activism regarding dust pollution in Delhi. The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in NCR and Adjoining Areas, established in 2020, has been actively monitoring and issuing directives to control dust emissions from construction sites. The Delhi government has also implemented measures such as the 'Red Light On, Gaadi Off' campaign to reduce vehicular emissions, which indirectly helps in reducing the overall air pollution, including dust. The use of anti-smog guns and water sprinkling during construction activities has become more common, although their effectiveness is still debated. Future outlook involves stricter enforcement of the C&D Waste Management Rules, increased public awareness campaigns, and the adoption of innovative technologies for dust suppression. There's also a growing emphasis on promoting sustainable construction practices to minimize dust generation at the source.
अभ्यास MCQs
प्रश्न 1
निर्माण और विध्वंस अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन नियम, 2016 के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
1. इन नियमों के अनुसार, अपशिष्ट उत्पादकों को निर्माण और विध्वंस अपशिष्ट को चार श्रेणियों में अलग करना अनिवार्य है।
2. ये नियम केवल नगर निगम की सीमा के भीतर की परियोजनाओं पर लागू होते हैं।
3. अपशिष्ट उत्पादक यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं कि निर्माण अपशिष्ट को ठीक से संसाधित और निपटाया जाए।
उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन सा/से सही है/हैं?
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
व्याख्या: Statement 2 is incorrect because the rules apply to all construction and demolition projects, not just those within municipal limits. Statements 1 and 3 are correct as they accurately reflect the provisions of the rules.
प्रश्न 2
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा उपाय आमतौर पर निर्माण स्थलों से धूल प्रदूषण को कम करने के लिए नहीं किया जाता है?
- Covering construction materials and debris
- Regular water sprinkling
- Mandatory use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by construction workers
- Establishing green buffer zones around construction sites
व्याख्या: While PPE is important for worker safety, it doesn't directly mitigate dust pollution for the surrounding environment. The other options are common dust control measures.
प्रश्न 3
अभिकथन (A): निर्माण स्थलों से अनियंत्रित धूल प्रदूषण आसपास की आबादी में सांस की समस्याओं का कारण बन सकता है।
कारण (R): धूल के कण श्वसन तंत्र को परेशान कर सकते हैं और अस्थमा और ब्रोंकाइटिस जैसी मौजूदा स्थितियों को बढ़ा सकते हैं।
उपरोक्त कथनों के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा सही है?
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
- A is true, but R is false
- A is false, but R is true
व्याख्या: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains why dust pollution leads to respiratory problems.
पिछले वर्षों के प्रश्न
PYQ 1 - UPSC Prelims 2017 2016
निर्माण और विध्वंस अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन नियम, 2016 के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?
- (a) It aims to reduce dust pollution from construction activities.
- (b) It mandates waste generators to segregate construction and demolition waste.
- (c) It promotes the use of recycled materials from construction and demolition waste.
- (d) All of the above
व्याख्या: The Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016, address all the mentioned aspects: reducing dust pollution, mandating waste segregation, and promoting the use of recycled materials.
PYQ 2 - UPSC Mains 2023 2023
दिल्ली जैसे शहरी क्षेत्रों में अनियंत्रित निर्माण और विध्वंस अपशिष्ट के वायु गुणवत्ता और सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य पर पड़ने वाले प्रभाव पर चर्चा करें। इन प्रभावों को कम करने के लिए निर्माण और विध्वंस अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन नियम, 2016 को प्रभावी ढंग से लागू करने के उपाय सुझाएं।
PYQ 3 - SSC CGL 2023 2023
भारत में निर्माण और विध्वंस गतिविधियों से उत्पन्न कचरे के प्रबंधन को कौन सा नियम नियंत्रित करता है?
- (a) Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
- (b) Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
- (c) Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016
- (d) E-Waste Management Rules, 2016
व्याख्या: The Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 specifically address the management of waste from construction and demolition activities.
PYQ 4 - SSC CHSL 2023 2023
निर्माण और विध्वंस अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन नियम, 2016 का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य क्या है?
- (a) To promote the use of plastic in construction
- (b) To regulate the disposal of e-waste
- (c) To manage and process waste generated from construction and demolition activities
- (d) To encourage open burning of construction waste
व्याख्या: The primary objective is to manage and process waste generated from construction and demolition activities in an environmentally sound manner.
PYQ 5 - IBPS PO 2023 2023
लेख में उजागर किए गए अनुसार, निर्माण स्थलों से अनियंत्रित धूल प्रदूषण का निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा संभावित परिणाम है?
- (a) Improved agricultural productivity
- (b) Increased respiratory illnesses among residents
- (c) Enhanced water quality
- (d) Reduced traffic congestion
व्याख्या: Unchecked dust pollution can lead to increased respiratory illnesses due to the inhalation of particulate matter.
PYQ 6 - SBI PO 2023 2023
लेख के अनुसार, निर्माण और विध्वंस अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन नियम, 2016 के तहत अपशिष्ट उत्पादकों की जिम्मेदारियों में से एक क्या है?
- (a) To encourage open burning of waste
- (b) To prevent littering and keep construction waste within their premises
- (c) To dispose of waste in rivers
- (d) To ignore waste segregation
व्याख्या: Waste generators are responsible for preventing littering and keeping construction waste within their premises.
PYQ 7 - CDS 2023 2023
निम्नलिखित में से किस पर्यावरणीय मुद्दे को निर्माण और विध्वंस अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन नियम, 2016 द्वारा सीधे संबोधित किया गया है?
- (a) Noise pollution from vehicles
- (b) Water pollution from industrial effluents
- (c) Air pollution from agricultural burning
- (d) Dust pollution from construction activities
व्याख्या: The rules directly address dust pollution arising from construction and demolition activities.
PYQ 8 - CDS 2023 2023
निर्माण और विध्वंस अपशिष्ट प्रबंधन नियम, 2016 का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य है:
- (a) Promote the use of asbestos in construction
- (b) Regulate the import of hazardous waste
- (c) Ensure the scientific management of construction and demolition waste
- (d) Encourage deforestation for construction purposes
व्याख्या: The primary aim is to ensure the scientific and environmentally sound management of construction and demolition waste.