ISRO's PSLV-C62 Mission Fails: Earth Observation Satellite Lost
Summary
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) experienced a setback as its PSLV-C62 mission, the first of the year, failed to reach its intended orbit due to an anomaly during the third stage (PS3) of the vehicle. The rocket was carrying EOS-N1, an earth observation satellite, along with @@15@@ other payloads, including seven from Brazil and Nepal. All payloads were lost. This marks the second successive failure for a PSLV rocket since its last flight in May 2025.
Full Analysis
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) experienced a setback as its PSLV-C62 mission, the first of the year, failed to reach its intended orbit due to an anomaly during the third stage (PS3) of the vehicle. The rocket was carrying EOS-N1, an earth observation satellite, along with @@15@@ other payloads, including seven from Brazil and Nepal. All payloads were lost. This marks the second successive failure for a PSLV rocket since its last flight in May 2025.
Background Context
The PSLV's journey began in the early 1990s as India sought to achieve self-reliance in launching its own satellites, particularly for remote sensing and communication. Prior to the PSLV, India relied on foreign launchers or its own less capable SLV and ASLV rockets. The PSLV was conceived as a versatile, reliable, and cost-effective launch vehicle capable of placing satellites into various orbits, including polar and geostationary transfer orbits. Its development involved significant technological advancements, including the use of liquid-fueled stages and solid rocket boosters. The first successful launch of the PSLV took place in 1994, marking a turning point in India's space program. Over the years, the PSLV has undergone several upgrades and improvements, enhancing its payload capacity and reliability. It has become a workhorse for ISRO, launching numerous Indian and foreign satellites and contributing significantly to India's space capabilities.
Current Developments
In recent years, ISRO has been focusing on developing newer launch vehicles like the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) to cater to the growing demand for launching small satellites. The SSLV aims to provide a cost-effective and flexible launch solution for the small satellite market. ISRO is also working on the Next-Gen Launch Vehicle (NGLV), which is intended to replace the PSLV in the long term. The NGLV will incorporate advanced technologies and offer higher payload capacity. Furthermore, ISRO is exploring reusable launch vehicle technologies to reduce launch costs and improve access to space. The focus is on enhancing the reliability and efficiency of launch operations while also expanding India's capabilities in the global space market. The recent failure highlights the need for continuous improvement and rigorous testing in space technology.
Key Facts
- Mission: PSLV-C62
- Failure: Reached unintended orbit
- Payload: EOS-N1 and @@15@@ others
Practice MCQs
Question 1
Consider the following statements regarding the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV):
1. PSLV is a four-stage launch vehicle with alternating solid and liquid-fueled stages.
2. PSLV can launch satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).
3. PSLV has never experienced a mission failure before the PSLV-C62 mission.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. PSLV is a four-stage launch vehicle with alternating solid and liquid stages. Statement 2 is incorrect. While PSLV can launch satellites into various orbits, it is primarily used for launching satellites into polar orbits and Low Earth Orbits (LEO), not GTO. Statement 3 is incorrect as PSLV has experienced failures in the past.
Question 2
With reference to Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A) EOS provide data for weather forecasting and disaster management.
B) EOS are always placed in Geostationary orbits.
C) EOS are used for monitoring agricultural activities and land use.
D) EOS contribute to environmental monitoring and climate change studies.
Explanation: Option B is NOT correct. Earth Observation Satellites are typically placed in Sun-synchronous orbits (a type of polar orbit) for consistent lighting conditions, not Geostationary orbits. Geostationary orbits are used for communication and weather satellites that need to maintain a fixed position relative to the Earth.
Question 3
Which of the following stages in PSLV uses a liquid-fueled engine?
1. First Stage
2. Second Stage
3. Third Stage
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- 1 only
- 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: The second and third stages of PSLV use liquid-fueled engines. The first stage uses a solid rocket motor, and the fourth stage also uses liquid-fueled engines.
Mains Practice Questions
Question 1
Discuss the significance of the PSLV in India's space program. Analyze the reasons for the recent PSLV-C62 mission failure and its potential impact on future missions.