पृष्ठभूमि संदर्भ
The process of voter registration in India has evolved significantly since the first general elections in 1951-52. Initially, registration was largely manual and relied heavily on door-to-door surveys. Over time, technological advancements have led to the introduction of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and online voter registration portals. The Representation of the People Act, 1950, and the Representation of the People Act, 1951, form the bedrock of the legal framework governing elections in India, including voter registration. The Election Commission of India (ECI), established under Article 324 of the Constitution, is responsible for conducting free and fair elections and maintaining accurate electoral rolls. The deletion of names from voter lists is a regular process aimed at removing deceased voters, those who have moved, or those with duplicate registrations. Special Intensive Revisions (SIR) are conducted periodically to update and cleanse the electoral rolls.
वर्तमान विकास
Recent years have witnessed increased scrutiny of electoral roll management, with concerns raised about the accuracy and inclusivity of voter lists. The introduction of Aadhaar linkage to voter IDs was proposed to address the issue of duplicate registrations, but it faced opposition due to privacy concerns. The ECI has been focusing on leveraging technology to improve voter registration and verification processes. Initiatives like the Voter Helpline app and online portals have made it easier for citizens to register and check their details. The rise of social media has also played a role, with political parties and civil society organizations using these platforms to raise awareness about voter registration and encourage participation. Looking ahead, the ECI is expected to continue its efforts to modernize the electoral process and ensure that all eligible citizens are included in the voter lists. The focus will likely be on addressing issues such as voter turnout, particularly among marginalized communities, and combating electoral malpractices.
अभ्यास MCQs
प्रश्न 1
भारत निर्वाचन आयोग (ईसीआई) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
1. ईसीआई एक संवैधानिक निकाय है जिसकी स्थापना संविधान के अनुच्छेद 324 के तहत की गई है।
2. ईसीआई संसद, राज्य विधानमंडलों और राष्ट्रपति और उपराष्ट्रपति के कार्यालयों के चुनाव कराने के लिए जिम्मेदार है।
3. यदि चुनाव के दौरान राज्यपाल पक्षपाती पाया जाता है तो ईसीआई राष्ट्रपति को राज्यपाल को हटाने की सिफारिश कर सकता है।
उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन सा/से सही है/हैं?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
व्याख्या: Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The ECI is a constitutional body responsible for conducting elections to the Parliament, State Legislatures, and the offices of the President and Vice-President. Statement 3 is incorrect because the ECI does not have the power to recommend the removal of a Governor.
प्रश्न 2
जन प्रतिनिधित्व अधिनियम, 1951 के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं है?
- It provides for the actual conduct of elections in India.
- It deals with the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of Parliament and State Legislatures.
- It specifies the powers and functions of the Election Commission.
- It outlines the procedure for delimitation of constituencies.
व्याख्या: The Representation of the People Act, 1951, does not outline the procedure for delimitation of constituencies. Delimitation is carried out by the Delimitation Commission.
प्रश्न 3
मतदाता सूची संशोधन के संदर्भ में, विशेष गहन संशोधन (एसआईआर) का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य क्या है?
- To introduce Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in all polling booths.
- To update and cleanse the electoral rolls by removing deceased voters, those who have moved, or those with duplicate registrations.
- To conduct mock polls to assess voter awareness.
- To train polling officers on election procedures.
व्याख्या: The primary purpose of Special Intensive Revision (SIR) is to update and cleanse the electoral rolls by removing deceased voters, those who have moved, or those with duplicate registrations.
पिछले वर्षों के प्रश्न
PYQ 1 - UPSC Prelims 2023 2023
भारत निर्वाचन आयोग (ईसीआई) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?
1. ईसीआई निर्वाचक नामावली तैयार करने और बनाए रखने के लिए जिम्मेदार है।
2. ईसीआई राजनीतिक दलों को मतदाता जागरूकता अभियान चलाने का निर्देश दे सकता है।
3. ईसीआई के निर्णय न्यायिक समीक्षा के अधीन नहीं हैं।
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2 and 3
व्याख्या: The ECI is responsible for preparing and maintaining electoral rolls and can direct political parties to conduct voter awareness campaigns. However, the ECI's decisions are subject to judicial review. The recent news highlights the importance of electoral roll revisions, which falls under ECI's purview.
PYQ 2 - UPSC Mains 2022 2022
निर्वाचक नामावली की सटीकता और समावेशिता सुनिश्चित करने में राजनीतिक दलों की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण करें। इस लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने के लिए भारत निर्वाचन आयोग (ईसीआई) राजनीतिक दलों के साथ बेहतर ढंग से कैसे सहयोग कर सकता है?
PYQ 3 - SSC CGL 2023 2023
निर्वाचक नामावली संशोधन के संदर्भ में, 'SIR' का क्या अर्थ है?
- (a) Summary Intensive Review
- (b) Special Initial Report
- (c) Special Intensive Revision
- (d) Systematic Information Retrieval
व्याख्या: 'SIR' stands for Special Intensive Revision, which is the exercise conducted to revise the electoral rolls.
PYQ 4 - SSC CGL 2023 2023
खबर के अनुसार, उत्तर प्रदेश में मसौदा निर्वाचक नामावली से लगभग कितने नाम हटाए गए?
- (a) 1.5 crore
- (b) 2.0 crore
- (c) 2.89 crore
- (d) 3.5 crore
व्याख्या: The news report states that 2.89 crore names were deleted from the draft rolls.
PYQ 5 - IBPS PO 2023 2023
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी गतिविधि सीधे निर्वाचक नामावली के संशोधन से संबंधित नहीं है?
- (a) Deletion of names of deceased voters
- (b) Enrollment of newly eligible voters
- (c) Verification of existing voter details
- (d) Allocation of bank loans to farmers
व्याख्या: Allocation of bank loans to farmers is not related to the revision of electoral rolls. The other options are directly related to the process.
PYQ 6 - SBI PO 2023 2023
राजनीतिक दल नागरिकों को निर्वाचक नामावली में अपने विवरण को सत्यापित करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित कर रहे हैं। इसका प्राथमिक कारण क्या है?
- (a) To increase party membership
- (b) To ensure accurate voter turnout on election day
- (c) To collect personal data for marketing purposes
- (d) To influence voters to vote for a specific party
व्याख्या: The primary reason is to ensure accurate voter turnout on election day by verifying that eligible voters are correctly listed and can exercise their right to vote.
PYQ 7 - CDS 2023 2023
विशेष गहन संशोधन के बाद, उत्तर प्रदेश में अंतिम मतदाता सूची किस तारीख को प्रकाशित होने वाली है?
- (a) January 6
- (b) January 31
- (c) February 6
- (d) March 6
व्याख्या: The news report states that the final voter list is scheduled for March 6.
PYQ 8 - CDS 2023 2023
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा भारत निर्वाचन आयोग (ईसीआई) का कार्य नहीं है?
- (a) To prepare and revise electoral rolls
- (b) To conduct elections to Parliament and State Legislatures
- (c) To recognize political parties
- (d) To allocate funds for infrastructure development
व्याख्या: Allocating funds for infrastructure development is not a function of the ECI. The ECI's primary role is to conduct free and fair elections.