Delhi to Deploy 10,000 AI-Enabled Cameras for Smart City Surveillance

Answer: B

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Nirbhaya Fund is administered by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance. While the Ministry of Women and Child Development is the nodal ministry for schemes under the fund, the fund itself is administered by Finance Ministry. Statement 2 is correct. The DPDP Act, 2023, establishes a comprehensive framework for the processing of digital personal data, including by government entities, mandating a 'lawful purpose' and 'legitimate use' principle. Statement 3 is incorrect. The K.S. Puttaswamy judgment (2017) declared the Right to Privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21, but it is not an absolute right. It is subject to reasonable restrictions based on legality, necessity, and proportionality, allowing for state surveillance under strict conditions.

Answer: C

Statement 1 is correct. Studies have shown that FRT algorithms can exhibit biases, particularly in identifying individuals from certain racial, ethnic, or gender groups, leading to higher error rates and potential discrimination. Statement 2 is correct. Integrating FRT with comprehensive databases like NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau for crime and criminal data) and VAHAN (for vehicle registration data) can provide law enforcement with powerful tools for real-time identification, tracking, and investigation, thereby improving efficiency. Statement 3 is incorrect. While international human rights bodies and civil society groups have raised significant concerns about FRT's impact on privacy and human rights, and some have called for moratoria or bans in specific contexts (e.g., for mass surveillance), there isn't a consistent advocacy for an 'outright ban in all public surveillance contexts' globally. The debate is more nuanced, focusing on regulation, transparency, and proportionality.

Answer: A

Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Nirbhaya Fund was established by the Government of India in 2013 to support initiatives aimed at enhancing the safety and security of women. Pair 2 is correctly matched. C4i Centre (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence) refers to a centralized facility for managing and coordinating police and emergency operations, as mentioned in the news for receiving real-time alerts. Pair 3 is incorrectly matched. The VAHAN portal is a national database for vehicle registration, driving licenses, and related services, managed by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. The database for crime and criminal records is primarily maintained by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) through systems like the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS).