Japanese Firms Eye India for $9 Billion Investment by 2025, Diversifying from US-China

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is correct. FDI involves acquiring a lasting interest in an enterprise and is thus considered more stable than FPI, which is often short-term and volatile. Statement 2 is correct. India has significantly liberalized its FDI policy, allowing the automatic route for most sectors, with a few exceptions like defense, media, and certain financial services requiring government approval. Statement 3 is incorrect. While FDI flows into various sectors, a significant portion in India has historically been directed towards the services sector (e.g., financial, business, computer services), manufacturing, and infrastructure, not predominantly the primary sector.

सही उत्तर: D

Statement 1 is correct. The SCRI was launched by India, Japan, and Australia in 2021 to counter supply chain disruptions and reduce reliance on China. Statement 2 is correct. The initiative aims to create a free, fair, and resilient supply chain by diversifying sourcing and strengthening regional cooperation. Statement 3 is correct. PLI schemes offer incentives on incremental sales from products manufactured in India, encouraging both domestic and foreign companies to set up or expand manufacturing units in India, which directly supports the goal of diversifying global supply chains.

सही उत्तर: C

Statement A is correct. The India-Japan CEPA came into force in 2011, aiming to liberalize and facilitate trade and investment. Statement B is correct. Japan is a key partner, providing financial and technical assistance for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail project. Statement D is correct. Japan has been a long-standing and major provider of ODA to India, particularly for infrastructure development. Statement C is NOT correct. While Japan is a member of RCEP, India withdrew from the agreement in November 2019, citing concerns over its potential impact on domestic industries and farmers.

सही उत्तर: B

The Balance of Payments (BoP) records all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world. It has two main components: the Current Account and the Capital Account. 1. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): This is a long-term investment in productive assets and is recorded under the Capital Account. (Correct) 2. External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs): These are commercial loans raised by Indian entities from overseas markets and are part of the Capital Account. (Correct) 3. Remittances from Non-Resident Indians (NRIs): These are unilateral transfers and are recorded under the Current Account (specifically, primary income or secondary income, depending on the nature). (Incorrect) 4. Portfolio Investments: These are short-term investments in financial assets like stocks and bonds and are recorded under the Capital Account. (Correct) Therefore, 1, 2, and 4 are recorded under the Capital Account.