India and Russia Prioritize Joint Manufacturing of Defence Spares, Emphasizing Make in India

सही उत्तर: B

Statement 1 is incorrect. The news explicitly states that the agreement prioritizes joint manufacturing of 'spare parts, components, and aggregates' for Russian-origin arms, not primarily new defence platforms. Statements 2 and 3 are correct as per the news summary, highlighting export potential and alignment with 'Make in India' through technology transfer.

सही उत्तर: C

Statement 1 is correct. The Strategic Partnership Model (SPM) was introduced to boost indigenous manufacturing of high-tech defence platforms by selecting Indian private sector companies as Strategic Partners. Statement 2 is incorrect. While FDI in defence manufacturing is permitted up to 100%, it is 74% through the automatic route and beyond 74% through the government route, requiring specific conditions and government approval. It is not 100% automatic for all sub-sectors. Statement 3 is correct. Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) is indeed a flagship initiative by the Ministry of Defence to create an ecosystem to foster innovation and technology development in defence and aerospace by engaging various stakeholders.

सही उत्तर: A

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true. India's defence forces have a substantial inventory of Russian-origin equipment, making Russia a historically significant defence partner. Reason (R) correctly explains this dependence: during the Cold War and even post-Cold War, Russia (and previously the Soviet Union) offered advanced military technology and was more amenable to technology transfer and licensed production arrangements (e.g., MiG aircraft, Sukhoi-30MKI, BrahMos missile) compared to many Western nations, which often had stricter export controls or higher costs. This reliability and willingness for technology sharing cemented the defence relationship.

सही उत्तर: C

Statements A, B, and D are all core objectives or features of the 'Make in India' initiative in the defence sector. The goal is indeed to reduce imports, build a strong domestic industrial base (public and private), and attract foreign OEMs for technology transfer. However, Statement C is incorrect. While indigenization is a key focus, there is no blanket mandate for a minimum of 50% indigenous content in *all* defence procurements irrespective of category. Indigenous content requirements vary significantly based on the specific procurement category (e.g., 'Buy Indian - IDDM', 'Buy (Indian)', 'Buy and Make (Indian)', 'Make') and the nature of the equipment, with some categories having higher or lower thresholds, and some being aspirational rather than mandatory across the board.