ऋण-से-जीडीपी अनुपात क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
9 points- 1.
गणना: (कुल सरकारी ऋण / जीडीपी) * 100
- 2.
एक प्रतिशत के रूप में व्यक्त किया गया
- 3.
एक निचला अनुपात आम तौर पर बेहतर होता है, जो ऋण चुकाने की मजबूत क्षमता का संकेत देता है
- 4.
एक उच्च अनुपात ऋण संकटऋण चुकाने में कठिनाई का जोखिम बता सकता है
- 5.
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठनोंआईएमएफ, विश्व बैंक द्वारा किसी देश के आर्थिक स्वास्थ्य का आकलन करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है
- 6.
सरकारी खर्च, कर राजस्व और आर्थिक विकासजीडीपी विकास से प्रभावित
- 7.
नाममात्र जीडीपी विकास ऋण-से-जीडीपी अनुपात को कम करने में मदद करता है
- 8.
भारत का ऋण-से-जीडीपी अनुपात विभिन्न आर्थिक कारकों के कारण समय के साथ बदलता रहा है
- 9.
स्थायी स्तर पर अक्सर बहस होती है, लेकिन आम तौर पर 60% से नीचे उभरती अर्थव्यवस्थाओं के लिए स्वस्थ माना जाता है
दृश्य सामग्री
Understanding Debt-to-GDP Ratio
Key aspects and implications of the debt-to-GDP ratio.
Debt-to-GDP Ratio
- ●Definition & Calculation
- ●Significance
- ●Factors Influencing
- ●FRBM Act
Evolution of India's Debt-to-GDP Ratio
Key events and policy changes affecting India's debt-to-GDP ratio over time.
आर्थिक सुधारों, वैश्विक घटनाओं और नीतिगत बदलावों के कारण भारत का ऋण-से-जीडीपी अनुपात बदलता रहा है। सरकार अब राजकोषीय समेकन और सतत विकास पर ध्यान केंद्रित कर रही है।
- 1991आर्थिक उदारीकरण: उधार बढ़ने और ऋण-से-जीडीपी में शुरुआती वृद्धि हुई।
- 2003एफआरबीएम अधिनियम लागू: राजकोषीय समेकन और ऋण में कमी का लक्ष्य।
- 2008वैश्विक वित्तीय संकट: अर्थव्यवस्था को प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए सरकारी खर्च में वृद्धि।
- 2016जीएसटी का कार्यान्वयन: कर राजस्व और सरकारी वित्त पर प्रभाव।
- 2020कोविड-19 महामारी: संकट से निपटने के लिए उधार में महत्वपूर्ण वृद्धि।
- 2023महामारी के बाद की रिकवरी: राजकोषीय समेकन और आर्थिक विकास पर ध्यान केंद्रित।
- 2026वित्त वर्ष 27 पूंजीगत व्यय लक्ष्य: ₹12.22 लाख करोड़, ऋण-से-जीडीपी 55.6% पर।
हालिया विकास
5 विकासIndia's debt-to-GDP ratio increased during the COVID-19 pandemicdue to increased borrowing
Government is focusing on fiscal consolidation to reduce the ratio
Nominal GDP growth is crucial for bringing down the debt-to-GDP ratio
The 15th Finance Commission recommended a debt-to-GDP ratio target for the central and state governments
Global economic conditions and interest rate movements affect the debt-to-GDP ratio
सामान्य प्रश्न
121. What is the debt-to-GDP ratio and why is it important for UPSC GS Paper 3?
The debt-to-GDP ratio compares a country's total government debt to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It's important for UPSC GS Paper 3 (Indian Economy) because it indicates a country's ability to repay its debts and reflects its economic health. A high ratio can signal potential economic problems.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember that a lower debt-to-GDP ratio is generally considered better.
2. How is the debt-to-GDP ratio calculated?
The debt-to-GDP ratio is calculated as (Total Government Debt / GDP) * 100. The result is expressed as a percentage.
- •Total Government Debt is the total amount of money owed by the government.
- •GDP is the total value of goods and services produced in a country.
3. What are the key provisions related to debt and fiscal responsibility in India?
Key provisions are found in the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act 2003, which sets targets for debt reduction. Article 293 of the Constitution deals with state government borrowings.
4. What does a high debt-to-GDP ratio indicate?
A high debt-to-GDP ratio can suggest a risk of debt distress, meaning the country may have difficulty in paying back its debt. It can also indicate underlying economic problems.
5. How does India's debt-to-GDP ratio compare with other countries?
The concept data does not provide specific comparisons. However, it's important to note that international organizations like the IMF and World Bank use this ratio to assess a country's economic health.
6. What role do international organizations play in monitoring a country's debt-to-GDP ratio?
International organizations like the IMF and World Bank use the debt-to-GDP ratio to assess a country's economic health and the sustainability of its debt. They may provide recommendations or assistance based on their assessment.
7. What are the challenges in reducing India's debt-to-GDP ratio?
Challenges include balancing economic growth with fiscal consolidation, managing unexpected economic shocks (like the COVID-19 pandemic), and maintaining investor confidence.
8. How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect India's debt-to-GDP ratio?
India's debt-to-GDP ratio increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased government borrowing to finance relief measures and stimulate the economy.
9. What is the significance of nominal GDP growth in the context of the debt-to-GDP ratio?
Nominal GDP growth is crucial for bringing down the debt-to-GDP ratio. Higher nominal GDP means a larger denominator in the ratio calculation, which can lower the overall ratio even if the debt remains constant or increases slightly.
10. What are some common misconceptions about the debt-to-GDP ratio?
A common misconception is that a high debt-to-GDP ratio automatically means a country is on the brink of collapse. While it signals risk, other factors like the country's economic stability, growth potential, and debt management strategies also play a crucial role.
11. What reforms have been suggested to improve India's fiscal health and manage its debt-to-GDP ratio?
The concept data does not provide specific reform suggestions. However, generally, reforms could include measures to boost economic growth, improve tax collection, and prioritize government spending.
12. What are frequently asked aspects of debt-to-GDP ratio in UPSC exams?
Frequently asked aspects include its significance for the Indian economy, factors that influence it, its impact on economic growth and stability, and government policies aimed at managing it. Questions can appear in both Prelims and Mains.